Anti-HSV activity of lactoferricin analogues is only partly related to their affinity for heparan sulfate

Bovine Lactoferricin Inhibits Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor- and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor165-Induced Angiogenesis by Competing for Heparin-Like Binding Sites on Endothelial Cells

“…53 Although the exact mechanism by which LfcinB interacts with heparin-like molecules has not yet been elucidated, it is known that LfcinB has a net positive charge of 7.85 at pH 7.0, 54 whereas both heparin and heparan sulfate are negatively charged molecules. 55,56 It was therefore possible that the affinity that LfcinB displayed for heparin-like structures was the result of electrostatic interactions, which would be in line with the recent finding that VEGF 165 interacts with long stretches of anionic residues in heparan sulfate molecules.…”

Milk Derived Peptides with Immune Stimulating Antiviral Properties

“…However, this boost in activity could be removed if the cells were subsequently washed with phosphate buffered saline prior to infection [72,122]. These results might be explained by the weak interaction between lactoferrin and other cellular molecules rather than heparan sulphate, as the interaction between lactoferrin and heparan sulphate should withstand phosphate buffered saline washing [80]. Further research should be developed to identify whether 3 integrin and/or 1 integrin molecules are binding to lactoferrin [123][124][125].…”

“…The ability to interact with anionic heparan sulphate is maybe not that surprising, when evaluating the three dimensional structural composition of lactoferrin, demonstrating a rather striking cationic patch on the N-terminal lobe of the molecule [84] (Figure 1). Similarly, other highly cationic peptides have also been demonstrated to effectively interfere with herpes simplex virus attachment and entry [80,85].…”

“…Similarly, both apo-and holo-lactoferrin has been demonstrated to interact both with canine herpes virus and surface receptors on the Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, thus inhibiting canine herpes virus infection [74]. With regard to the anti-herpes simplex virus 1 ability of lactoferrin, both bovine and human lactoferrin and lactoferricin have demonstrated the ability to block viral entry and also inhibit viral cell-to-cell spread in a dose dependent manner [55,[77][78][79], through interaction with negatively charged glycosaminoglycans like heparan sulphate on the cell surface [55,[80][81][82][83] and elements of the viral particle [55]. Differently from herpes simplex virus 1, Marchetti et.…”

Anticancer Peptides: Prospective Innovation in Cancer Therapy

“…This 25-amino acid residues peptide is isolated from cows' milk and causes cell death through at least two mechanisms. LfcinB is active against leukemia cells and diverse solid tumors (Mader et al 2005) and is capable of binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) present on the membrane surface (Jenssen et al 2004), inducing apoptosis by mitochondrial pathway, and also lysis of the cellular membrane (Eliassen et al 2006;Furlong et al 2008).…”