Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Biomolecules: Molecular Targets Insights

Abstract

This report explores the available curative molecules directed against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Limited efficiency as well as other drawbacks of existing molecules led to the search for promising potential alternatives. Understanding of the cell signaling mechanisms propelling carcinogenesis and driven by cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis can offer valuable information for the investigation of efficient treatment strategies. The complexity of the mechanisms behind carcinogenesis inspires researchers to explore the ability of various biomolecules to target specific pathways. Natural components occurring mainly in food and medicinal plants, are considered an essential resource for discovering new and promising therapeutic molecules. Novel biomolecules normally have an advantage in terms of biosafety. They are also widely diverse and often possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Based on quantitative structure–activity relationship studies, biomolecules can be used as templates for chemical modifications that improve efficiency, safety, and bioavailability. In this review, we focus on anti-HCC biomolecules that have their molecular targets partially or completely characterized as well as having anti-cancer molecular mechanisms that are fairly described.

Combination of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey and Febuxostat Boasted Cardioprotective Effects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity in Rats

“…Previous studies declared that both P. ginseng and febuxostat had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that were interrelated at the molecular level. Both P. ginseng and febuxostat exerted antioxidant properties partially by interfering with NADPH oxidase activity ( Lu et al, 2018 ; Juaid et al, 2021 ). Additionally, both P. ginseng and febuxostat had anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions ( Sung et al, 2021 ; Xu et al, 2021 ).…”

Curcumin Inhibits Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation by Regulating lncRNA LINC00691

“…Ginger extract reportedly promotes apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation, and prevents oxidative stress in liver cancer cells [ 6 ]. Two promising peptide sequences of pepsin, present in anticancer [ 7 ] phytochemicals, were shown to mitigate cancer progression by inducing apoptosis or intracellular oxidative stress [ 8 ]. El-Dakhly et al have shown that combining aescin and diosmin affords a robust hepatoprotective effect [ 9 ], and Amin et al have found that saffron and its main compounds saffron aldehyde and saffronin regulate the cell cycle and DNA damage repair system [ 10 ].…”

Current Perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicines and Active Ingredients in the Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Some TCMs possess the antioxidative activity, which exhibit the protective effect against liver cancer by reducing OS condition. 75 β-Aescin (AES) is a triterpene saponin derived from the horse chestnut tree Aesculus hippocastanum with the antioxidative activity against liver damage. 76 Diosmin (DIO) is an unsaturated flavonoid glycoside extracted from citrus fruits, exhibiting protective effects on liver injury in animal models.…”