Anti-HCV Prevalence among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Egyptian Children

El‐Karaksy, Hanaa; Anwar, Ghada M.; El-Raziky, M. S.; El-Hawary, Manal; Hashem, Mohamed; El-Sayed, Rokaya; El‐Shabrawi, Mortada; Mohsen, Nabil; Fouad, Heba A.; Esmat, Gamal

doi:10.2174/157339910793499137

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A recent study conducted in 2010, among 692 diabetic children with an average age of 10.4 years, reported a prevalence of 2.5% [110]. Previous studies conducted among diabetic children reported much higher levels of 29.4% [19] and 44.1% [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies suggest that children have been exposed to HCV vertically through mother-to-child transmission [24,25,27-29] (high RNA prevalence was documented among infants of HCV positive mothers, ranging between 3.8% and 11.1% [24,25,27-29,130,131]), or horizontally possibly through household exposures [14,114,115,121,131]. Medical exposures to HCV at a very young age have been also indicated [19,22,110,132]. High HCV levels were reported among thalassemic children [19,96,133], children on hemodialysis [22,132] and diabetic children [19,22,110].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medical exposures to HCV at a very young age have been also indicated [19,22,110,132]. High HCV levels were reported among thalassemic children [19,96,133], children on hemodialysis [22,132] and diabetic children [19,22,110]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Egypt: a systematic review and data synthesis

et al. 2013

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BackgroundEgypt has the highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the world, estimated nationally at 14.7%. Our study’s objective was to delineate the evidence on the epidemiology of HCV infection among the different population groups in Egypt, and to draw analytical inferences about the nature of HCV transmission in this country.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of all data on HCV prevalence and incidence in Egypt following PRISMA guidelines. The main sources of data included PubMed and Embase databases. We also used a multivariate regression model to infer the temporal trend of HCV prevalence among the general population and high risk population in Egypt.ResultsWe identified 150 relevant records, four of which were incidence studies. HCV incidence ranged from 0.8 to 6.8 per 1,000 person-years. Overall, HCV prevalence among pregnant women ranged between 5-15%, among blood donors between 5-25%, and among other general population groups between 0-40%. HCV prevalence among multi-transfused patients ranged between 10-55%, among dialysis patients between 50-90%, and among other high risk populations between 10% and 85%. HCV prevalence varied widely among other clinical populations and populations at intermediate risk. Risk factors appear to be parenteral anti-schistosomal therapy, injections, transfusions, and surgical procedures, among others. Results of our time trend analysis suggest that there is no evidence of a statistically significant decline in HCV prevalence over time in both the general population (p-value: 0.215) and high risk population (p-value: 0.426).ConclusionsEgypt is confronted with an HCV disease burden of historical proportions that distinguishes this nation from others. A massive HCV epidemic at the national level must have occurred with substantial transmission still ongoing today. HCV prevention in Egypt must become a national priority. Policymakers, and public health and medical care stakeholders need to introduce and implement further prevention measures targeting the routes of HCV transmission.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Egypt: a systematic review and data synthesis

et al. 2013

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“…In 2011, Barakat et al [36] screened 500 school children from 10 schools and found 5.8% HCV seroprevalence with viremia in 75% of them. In 2010, ElKaraksy et al [37] reported that the prevalence of HCV in diabetic and nondiabetic children aged below nine years was 2.5% vs 1.4% (P = 0.25).…”

Section: Acute Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C genotype 4: The past, present, and future

Abdel-Ghaffar

Sira

Naghi

2015

WJH

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) 4 represents 12%-15% (15-18 million) of total global HCV infection. It is prevalent in Northern and Equatorial Africa and the Middle East, and is also present in some countries in Europe. GT-4 (and subtype 4a in particular) dominates the HCV epidemic in Egypt. In underdeveloped countries, risk factors associated with HCV infection may be due to unsafe medical practices or other factors such as familial transmission, mother's HCV status, or illiteracy. HCV prevention and control programs should include health education, increased community awareness towards the disease, controlling infection distribution in healthcare centers, proper sterilization of medical and dental instruments, and ensuring safe supply of blood and blood-products. Response rates to a 48-wk combined pegylated-interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) treatment range from 40%-69%, and HCV-GT-4 has been considered better than GT-1 but worse than GT-2 and GT-3 in treatment with PEG-IFN/RBV. However, with the introduction of the HCV-GT-1 effective protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir in 2011, HCV-GT-4 became the "most difficult (GT) to treat". Recently, the direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) with pan-genotypic activities simeprevir, sofosbuvir, and daclatasvir have been recommended in triple regimens with PEG-IFN/RBV for the treatment of HCV-GT-4. An IFN-free regimen will be available for treatment of all genotypes of HCV in the near future. To date, several DAAs have been developed and are currently being evaluated in various combinations in clinical trials. As new regimens and new agents are being approved by the Food and Drug Administration, we can expect the guidelines for HCV treatment to be changed. The availability of shorter, simpler, and more tolerable treatment regimens can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HCV infection. With such a large number of therapeutic agents available, we can end up with a range of choices that we can select from to treat patients.

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“…The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the paediatric population in the United States and Europe varies between approximately 0.05% and 0.36% . In contrast, this prevalence rate is much higher (approximately 1.8%‐5.8%) in other regions of the world such as Egypt, sub‐Saharan Africa, the Amazon basin and Mongolia . The differences in these rates can be partially explained by the mode of transmission of HCV, which vary in different regions ranging from vertical transmission to blood‐borne route …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Quality of life in adolescents with hepatitis C treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin

Younossi

Stepanova

Schwarz

et al. 2017

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Chronic HCV infection has been associated with impairment of HRQL in both adults and paediatric patients. Our aim was to assess the HRQL of HCV-positive children treated with SOF + RBV. The data for this post hoc analysis were collected in a phase 2 open-label multinational study that evaluated safety and efficacy of SOF (400 mg/day) plus RBV (weight-based up to 1400 mg/day) for 12 or 24 weeks in adolescents with chronic HCV (GS-US-334-1112). Patients and their parents/guardians completed the PedsQL-4.0-SF-15 questionnaire at baseline, at the end of treatment and in post-treatment follow-up. We included 50 adolescents with HCV genotype 2 and 3 without cirrhosis (14.8 ± 1.9 years; male: 58%; treatment-naïve: 82%; vertically transmitted HCV: 70%). After treatment, 100% of patients with HCV genotype 2 and 95% with genotype 3 achieved SVR-12. During treatment with SOF + RBV, there were no significant decrements in any of patients' self-reported or parent-proxy-reported PRO scores regardless of treatment duration (all P > .05). After treatment cessation, we recorded a statistically significant improvement in patients' self-reported Social Functioning score by post-treatment week 12: on average, +4.8 points on a 0-100 scale (P = .02). By post-treatment week 24, parent-proxy-reported School Functioning score increased by, on average, +13.0 points (P = .0065). In multivariate analysis, history of abdominal pain and psychiatric disorders were predictive of impaired HRQL in adolescents with HCV (P < .05). Adolescents with HCV do not seem to experience any HRQL decrement during treatment with SOF + RBV and experience some improvement of their HRQL scores after achieving SVR.

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Anti-HCV Prevalence among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Egyptian Children

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Egypt: a systematic review and data synthesis

The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Egypt: a systematic review and data synthesis

Hepatitis C genotype 4: The past, present, and future

Quality of life in adolescents with hepatitis C treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin

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