Anti-glutamate decarboxylase and other antibodies at the onset of childhood IDDM: a population-based study

Abstract

Summary Sera obtained at diagnosis from 273 children (0-14 years) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were studied to compare different autoantibody levels. The subjects comprise 75 % of all incident cases in New South Wales, Australia, for a 2-year period (ascertainment > 99% complete). Antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase were measured by radioimmunoprecipitation, insulin autoantibodies (on 176 sera collected within 4 days of initiation of insulin therapy) by radioimmunoassay, thyroid peroxidase and antigliadin IgA antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and anti-endomysial IgA and islet cell antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. Reference ranges for anti-glutamate decarboxylase and insulin autoantibodies were determined in a group of non-diabetic children. Of the sera 69 % were positive for anti-glutamate decarboxylase, 65 % for insulin autoantibodies, 71% for islet cell antibodies (>/20 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units), 10 % for anti-thyroid peroxidase, 2.6 % for antigliadin and 3.0 % for anti-endomysial antibodies. Islet cell antibodies and insulin autoantibodies were both negative in 13.7 % of the sera, while only 5.8 % were negative for all three of islet cell antibodies, insulin autoantibodies and anti-glutamate decarboxylase. There was a higher frequency of anti-glutamate decarboxylase among girls than boys (75 % vs 63 %, p = 0.03) and a negative correlation between the level of insulin autoantibodies and age at diagnosis (r =-0.41, p < 0.0001). A higher frequency of antithyroid peroxidase was found with increasing age (p = 0.05). Higher titres of islet cell antibodies were associated with a higher frequency of both anti-glutamate decarboxylase (p < 0.0001) and insulin autoantibodies (p = 0.003). Five children (1.8 %) with clear elevations of antigliadin and anti-endomysial antibodies were found to have asymptomatic coeliac disease by small bowel biopsy. [Diabetologia (1994[Diabetologia ( ) 37: 1113[Diabetologia ( -1120

Simultaneous triple organ specific autoantibody profiling in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their first-degree relatives

“…0% and 20% respectively (19,20). CD prevalence in adult patients with T1DM is found to be 7.6% in our study which is comparable with a paediatric study from Canada and an adult study from France (7.7% and 7.5% respectively), but higher than paediatric series from Czech Republic (4.3%), Austria (2.9%), Australia (2.6%), Germany (4.4%, paediatric plus adult population), and adult series from Belgium (2.0%), Italy (5.7%, paediatric plus adult population), UK (2.0%) and also higher than another Turkish adult study (2.45%) (21–30). Degree of association between CD and T1DM represents quite wide variability between these series, even from the same country (e.g.…”

Rates of Diabetes Mellitus-Related Complications in a Contemporary Adolescent Cohort

“…Verge et al showed in previous cohort of Australian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus that 10% had thyroid autoantibodies, and 3.0% had EMA 47 . Prevalence rates of between 4.4% and 11.6% for coeliac disease-associated antibodies have been previously reported 48 and our prevalence rates of patients being EMA positive (7.5%) and having biopsy-proven coeliac disease (6%) are similar to these.…”

Prävalenz Typ 1-Diabetes-spezifischer Autoantikörper und bestimmter HLA-Muster bei Zöliakie

“…Der Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus ist eng mit der Zöliakie assoziiert (3,21,22,(26)(27)(28). Sowohl der insulinabhängige Diabetes mellitus als auch die Zöliakie gehören den autoimmun-mediierten Erkrankungen an.…”

“…Mit dem Nachweis einer positiven Korrelation der Zöliakie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Typ-1-Diabetes (22,27) ergibt sich zwangsläufig die Frage nach einem möglicherweise häufigeren Auftreten des Typ-1-Diabetes bei Zöliakiepatienten. Gemessen am Vorkommen der typischen Diabetes-assoziierten Antikörper und HLA-Allele gingen wir dieser Fragestellung nach.…”