Anti-gD monoclonal antibodies inhibit cell fusion induced by herpes simplex virus type 1

Induction of protective immunity with antibody to herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein H (gH) and analysis of the immune response to gH expressed in recombinant vaccinia virus

“…Since it remains impossible to synthesize gH in an authentic antigenic form in the absence of other HSV proteins, direct and reliable measurement of anti-gH antibodies cannot be achieved. The neutralizing and anti-fusion properties of gHspecific antibodies are similar to those of some antibodies against gD Gompels & Minson, 1986;Noble et al, 1983), an antigen that has long been recognized as providing protective immunity in experimental animals both by active and passive immunization (Long et al, 1984;Cremer et al, 1985;Berman et al, 1985;Blacklaws et al, 1987;Krishna et al, 1989;Balachandran et al, 1982;Simmons & Nash, 1985). By analogy we might expect gH to be protective and we have demonstrated that LPI 1, a MAb specific for HSV-1 gH, provides efficient protection against zosteriform spread of HSV-1 in the mouse.…”

An Analysis of the Biological Properties of Monoclonal Antibodies against Glycoprotein D of Herpes Simplex Virus and Identification of Amino Acid Substitutions that Confer Resistance to Neutralization

“…High concentrations of monoclonal antibody have been shown to inhibit the binding of purified virions to cell monolayers, but this inhibition occurs only at concentrations orders of magnitude higher than those which efficiently neutralize virus and there is no correlation between the neutralizing activity of different antibodies and their ability to inhibit binding (Fuller & Spear, 1985). Anti-gD antibodies will also inhibit the fusion of cells infected with syncytial strains of HSV-1 (Noble et al, 1983) and this ability to suppress the syncytial phenotype shows a reasonable correlation with neutralizing activity (Para et al, 1985). These results imply a role for gD in cell fusion and in fusion of the virus envelope to the cell membrane during penetration by virus particles.…”

Expression and Characterization of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Glycoprotein G (gG) by Recombinant Vaccinia Virus: Neutralization of HSV-1 Infectivity with Anti-gG Antibody

“…However, relatively little is known about their specific biological functions (for review, see Spear, 1984). Glycoprotein B has been implicated in viral penetration (Little et al, 1981 ;Sarmiento et al, 1979): gC is a receptor for the C3b component of complement (Friedman et al, 1984): gE is a receptor for the Fc portion of immunoglobulins (Bauke & Spear, 1979 ;Para et al, 1982a, b); gD is a major target for virus-neutralizing antibodies (Para et al, 1985) and has also been implicated in cell fusion (Noble et al, 1983). More recently another HSV type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein designated gH has been identified and mapped on the genome using monoclonal antibodies (Showalter et al, 1981;Buckmaster et al, 1984) and its nucleotide sequence determined (McGeoch & Davison, 1986;Gompels & Minson, 1986).…”