Anti-fatigue effects of porcine placenta and its amino acids in a behavioral test on mice

Abstract

Placenta extracts are used for their health benefits; however, the anti-fatigue effects of placenta have not been elucidated. Thus, we investigated the anti-fatigue effects of porcine placenta extract (PE) and the amino acids present in the PE (glycine, Gly; proline, Pro; glutamic acid, GA; and arginine, Arg) using a forced swimming test (FST) and a tail-suspension test (TST) on mice. Whole PE or individual amino acids decreased immobility times in the FST. PE, Pro, and Arg all lowered blood levels of lactic acid and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). PE and Gly improved glycogen content and catalase activity. As determined from the serum after the FST: PE regulated the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; GA regulated the effects of IFN-γ; Gly and Arg regulated the effects of interleukin (IL)-6; and all of the amino acids present in PE regulated the effects of TNF-α. As determined from the spleen after the FST: Gly and Arg regulated the effects of IL-1β; Gly, Pro, and Arg regulated the effects of IL-6; PE and all of the amino acids present in PE regulated the effects of TNF-α. After the TST, PE and all of the amino acids present in PE reduced immobility duration as well as levels of aspartate aminotransferase and ALT. As determined from the serum after the TST: PE and Gly regulated the effects of TNF-α; Gly and Arg regulated the effects of IL-1β; Gly, Pro, and Arg regulated the effects of IL-6; PE and all of the amino acids present in PE regulated the effects of TNF-α. These results suggest that PE should be considered a candidate anti-fatigue agent.

Antifatigue effects of anshenyizhi compound in acute excise‐treated mouse via modulation of AMPK/PGC‐1α‐related energy metabolism and Nrf2/ARE‐mediated oxidative stress

“…All of those compounds have been reported to promote the exercise capability (Chen et al., 2016; Xu & Shan, 2014). The amino acids, like Gly, Pro, and Arg, can prolong the catabolism time of proteins in the muscle during exercise (Moon, Kim, Rew, Kim, & Jeong, 2014). The sterols possess antioxidant activities and are good for human health (Zhang et al., 2012).…”

Metabonomic analysis of serum reveals antifatigue effects of Yi Guan Jian on fatigue mice using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

“…In most organisms, the enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase catalyzes this transformation via the cafactor pyridoxal phosphate. Some studies have proved that glycine is an important energy storage compounds in that mice with high levels of glycine could maintain longer exercise (Moon, Kim, Rew, Kim, & Jeong, ). Glycine is degraded via three pathways (Han et al, ).…”

Placenta and Placental Derivatives in Regenerative Therapies: Experimental Studies, History, and Prospects

“…Application of placental extracts in menopausal disorders allowed reducing the number and severity of hot flushes, irritability, and normalize hormonal profile [ 54 , 61 ]; the amount of estrogen receptors in the experiment was increased, and the effects of vaginal atrophy were reduced, while the activity of osteoblasts was improved [ 53 ]. Experimental studies on the effect of placental extracts on behavior and physical condition in the animal model showed decrease in symptoms of fatigue and increased resistance to physical stress [ 53 , 62 ]. This phenomenon was explained by the rise of the level of intracellular calcium, activation of splenocytes and T cells, and reduction of synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines associated with fatigue (IL6, TNF, and IFN γ ) [ 53 , 62 ].…”