Anti-diabetic Potentials of Red Beet Pigments and Other Constituents

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated sugar levels in blood, caused by defects in insulin secretion and further signaling cascades. Among the approaches to overcome diabetes, diet plays a key role in the maintenance of blood sugar level, in the hyper-glycosylation of biomolecules associated with diverse metabolisms, and in the prevention of pathologies thus associated. In this connection, a number of bioactive molecules found in fruits, vegetables, dietary constituents, and other natural sources are being continuously explored for their direct or indirect bene fi ts in preventing and/or management diabetes. Consumption of red beet (beetroot) is associated with numerous health bene fi ts, attributed to its wide-ranging array of bioactive molecules. The major bioactive molecules in beet are polyphenols, fl avonoids, betalains, therapeutic enzymes, ascorbic acid, and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA). Among the phenolic compounds, betalains are the major bioactive molecules, probably due to their water-soluble nature, nitrogen content, intactness during assimilation, and stability in the circulatory system. The health bene fi ts of red beet demonstrated by in vitro and pre-clinical studies include hypoglycemic, anti-in fl ammatory, antiproliferative, antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-acetylcholinesterase, antimutagenic, and lipid-lowering bene fi ts, protection from cardiovascular disease, prevention of peripheral capillary fragility, induction of phase II enzymes activity, etc. All of these pharmacological properties

Beta vulgaris L. (Beetroot) Methanolic Extract Prevents Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Damage in T2DM Rats by Hypoglycemic, Insulin-Sensitizing, Antioxidant Effects, and Upregulation of PPARα

“…Supporting our data, several lines of evidence have also shown the potent hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potentials of beetroot juice or extracts in a variety of animal models [ 49 , 50 ]. Indeed, daily consumption of red beetroot juice extracts significantly reduced fasting glucose levels in diabetic individuals, as well as in STZ and alloxan-induced diabetic animals, effects that were attributed to increased insulin release (in T1DM), decreased glucose absorptions, stimulated insulin sensitivity, GLUT-2/4 receptor expression, and inhibited hepatic glucose synthesis [ 25 , 30 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

“…These ingredients are known for their hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant potential, and they can modulate numerous cells signaling with the cells they constitute; it is well established in the literature. This has been discussed in previous studies and reviews [ 49 , 50 , 60 ]. Moreover, further investigation is required to examine the precise molecular mechanisms responsible for the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects of the extract.…”

Betanin effect on PPAR-α and SREBP-1c expression in NMRI mice model of steatohepatitis with fibrosis

“…Since dyslipidemia and oxidative stress enhance insulin resistance [37], it seems that the anti-insulin resistance effect is related to the anti-hyperlipidemia and anti-oxidant effects of betanin. The anti-diabetic effects of red beet have been demonstrated in previous reports [25]. In this regard, the highest dose of betanin in the treated groups was more effective (compared with the protective mode).…”

“…In another study, trans-chalcone (12 mg/kg) did not decrease remarkably these parameters in obese mice [16]. Previous studies have demonstrated that components containing betanin such as djulis and red beet could reduce cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels and elevate levels of HDL [25,38,40]. Overall, betanin exerted beneficial anti-hyperlipidemic effects on the lipid profilein both treatment and protection mode.…”

Potential Therapeutic Effects of Beet Root) Beta Vulgaris, L.) Pomace on Nephropathy Diabetic Rats

“…Beet root contain high amounts of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids and betalains, all of which have strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities Yanardag, 2010 &Panghal et al, 2017). Beet root possess hypoglycemic activity by increasing insulin sensitivity and lowering the activity of metabolic enzymes (Murthy andManchali, 2012 &Indumathi et al, 2017). As well as previous studies have indicated that red beet root can be used for therapy of renal disorders, where it alleviates renal disfunction and oxidative damage (EL Gamal et al, 2014 andHassan et al, 2018).…”