Anti-diabetic activities of Chromolaena odorata methanol root extract and its attenuation effect on diabetic induced hepatorenal impairments in rats

Abstract

Background: Chromolaena odorata is a medicinal plant whose root has not been reported for detailed anti-diabetic properties. Hence, this study investigated the anti-diabetic properties of the methanol root extract of Chromolaena odorata and its effect on biochemical parameters in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: In-vitro studies were carried out using α-amylase inhibition, glycosylated heamoglobin inhibition and glucose uptake test in yeast cells. Twenty (20) alloxan (120 mg/kg bw) induced diabetic rats were divided into 4 groups and treated with 0, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw of the extract and 5 mg/kg b.wt glibenclamide respectively. All treatments were administered daily for 14 days through oral route with the aid of esophageal cannula. Five (5) rats were also set up as normal control. Serum biochemical parameters were analysed. Results: Chromolaena odorata exhibited strong inhibition of α-amylase activity and glycosylated heamoglobin with IC 50 values; 533.05 μg/ml and 679.12 μg/ml respectively Extract doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg bw exhibited 49.86% and 68.30% in vivo hypoglycemic effect and increase the weight gain of animals to 13.23 ± 0.67 g and 13.87 ± 0.67 g respectively. The concentrations of sodium, chloride, bicarbonates, aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated while albumin, direct and total bilirubins were lowered in diabetic untreated rats when compared with the control Treatment with extract at 300 and 600 mg/kg bw significantly (p < 0.05) restored the concentrations of AST, ALP, albumin, total proteins, direct and total bilirubins towards their normal levels but could not significantly (P > 0.05) attenuate the elevated sodium, chloride, bicarbonates, urea and creatinine concentration when compared with the untreated control. Conclusion: Chromolaena odorata root extract exhibited anti-diabetic and protective effect against diabetic induced hepatic impairment. However, diabetic induced renal impairment was not attenuated by treatment with Chromolaena odorata in rats.

Anti-hyperglycemic effects of Stemonocoleus micranthus (Fabaceae) stem bark on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats

“…It has been reported that insulin deficiency in animals, leads to the development of various metabolic aberrations (Gupta and Sharma, 2017). The observed increase in BGC corroborates with previous reports documenting elevated BGC in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats (Omonije et al, 2019). Treatment with SME even at the lowest dose of 100 mg/kg caused a marked reduction of BGC in the acute and prolonged study, an indication of higher potency and a possible non-pancreatic mechanism of Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM.…”

Phytochemical Screening and Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, and Antioxidant Effects of Leptopus Cordifolius Decne. In Diabetic Mice

“…The number of people suffering from diabetes is increasing due to urbanization, demographic growth, aging, and growing incidences of obesity and lack of exercise (Badran and Laher, 2012). The existing drug therapies of sulfonylureas, biguanides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and glinides have challenges in terms of cost, safety, and efficacy (Omonije et al, 2019). In particular, these hypoglycemic agents may cause adverse effects like renal toxicity, hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity, and gastrointestinal disorders (Carpio and Fonseca, 2014).…”

Pharmacological Importance of Chromolaena odorata: a review

“…Chromolaena odorata is used in the treatment of skin infections, burns, wounds. Traditionally, leaves of C. odorata need for the prevention of leech attack, liver disease, soft tissue wounds, fire wounds in tropical countries [4]. The herb is employed by traditional health caregivers in the treatment of many ailments, especially for dysentery, headache, and toothache.…”

“…The herb is employed by traditional health caregivers in the treatment of many ailments, especially for dysentery, headache, and toothache. Traditionally in some communities of Africa, local dwellers apply crush leaves of C. odorata on fresh wounds to facilitate healing [4]. Boiling of the herb is employed as a cough reliever in ancient drugs, and as an ingredient with lemongrass and guava leaves for protozoal infection treatment.…”

“…There was a substantial dosedependent rise of whole root extract of Chromolaena odorata methanol in in-vitro anti-diabetic practice. This inhibitory activity of the extract might be attributed to the presence of phytochemical antioxidants including; flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that are reported to inhibit α-amylase activity and thus protect the β-cell integrity from the event of type 2 diabetics with insulin resistance [4].…”