Anti-depressant effect of hesperidin in diabetic rats

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the anti-depressant effect of hesperidin (Hsp) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, the effect of Hsp on hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and brain monoamines in diabetic rats was also assessed. The Wistar rats in the experimental groups were rendered hyperglycaemic with a single dose of STZ (52.5 mg·(kg body mass)(-1), by intraperitoneal injection). The normal group received the vehicle only. Hyperglycaemic rats were treated with Hsp (25.0, 50.0, or 100.0 mg·(kg body mass)(-1)·day(-1), per oral) and fluoxetine (Flu) (5.0 mg·(kg body mass)(-1)·day(-1), per oral) 48 h after the STZ injection, for 21 consecutive days. The normal and STZ control groups received the vehicle (distilled water). Behavioral and biochemical parameters were then assessed. When Hsp was administered to the STZ-treated rats, this reversed the STZ-induced increase in immobility duration in the forced swimming test (FST) and attenuated hyperglycaemia, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), increased reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6), and increased BDNF levels in the brain. Treatment with Hsp attenuated STZ-induced neurochemical alterations, as indicated by increased levels of monoamines in the brain, namely, norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT). All of these effects of Hsp were similar to those observed with the established anti-depressant Flu. This study shows that Hsp exerted anti-depressant effect in diabetic rats, which may have been partly mediated by its amelioration of hyperglycaemia as well as its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, the enhancement of neurogenesis, and changes in the levels of monoamines in the brain.

Hesperidin Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Upregulates the Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 in Isoniazid and Rifampicin‐Induced Liver Injury in Rats

“…It has been extensively studied for its biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypercholesterolemic, and anticarcinogenic properties [17,[22][23][24][25]. The antioxidant activity of hesperidin has been used to protect against various types of insults such as cisplatin-induced acute renal injury [ 26], benzopyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis [27], 6hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease [28], and depressant in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats [29]. In the present study, we found that hesperidin pretreatment significantly attenuated hepatic lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion in rats administered with INH plus RFP.…”

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Flavonoids- A Review

“…125 Antidepressant property of hesperidin was displayed by inhibiting L-arginine/ nitric oxide/ cyclic-GMP pathway and by elevating levels of BDNF in the brain, specifically in hippocampus. 126,127 A study showed antidepressant action of vitexin which was mediated through heightened levels of catecholamines (dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline) in the synaptic cleft and by interacting with dopaminergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic receptors. 128 Other flavonids including fisetin, 129 quercetin, 130 naringenin, 131,132 nobiletin (a dietary flavonoid), 133 luteolin 134 and kaempferitrin 135 also have reported antidepressant activity.…”

Phytobioactive compound-based nanodelivery systems for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus – current status

“…[216][217][218][219][220] This compound is highly bioavailable in lemon fruits and their juices. The lower bioavailability of those compounds through oral delivery leads to lower beneficial effects at higher doses.…”