Anti cancer activity of Trachyspermum ammi against MCF-7 cell lines mediates by p53 and Bcl-2 mRNA levels

Abstract

Breast cancer is second most common in women and accounts for 23% of all occurring cancers in women. Patients with breast cancer have increasingly shown resistance and high toxicity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Plant-derived products have proved to be an important source of anti-cancer drugs. The present study was to investigate the anti cancer activity of ethanolic extract of Trachyspermum ammi against MCF-7 cell lines. The preliminary phytochemical studies of ethanolic extract of Trachyspermum ammi showed the presence of flavanoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, carbohydrates, phenols, tannins and terpenes. The IC50 concentration of ethanolic extract of Trachyspermum ammi was determined by MTT assay. The results showed the greater degree of cytotoxicity at the dose of 25µg/ml of Trachyspermum ammi and it has been taken as IC50 value for our further study. Then, we also evaluated the apoptotic effect by measuring the morphological changes, cell viability rates using light and fluorescent microscopical studies and DNA fragmentation by using gel electrophoresis method. The ethanolic extract of Trachyspermum ammi showed significant signs of apoptosis such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and nuclei DNA fragmentation. Further, we analyze the gene expression mRNA levels by using RT-PCR method, it showed the expression of p53 was significantly (P<0.001) increased when compared with normal MCF-7 cell line. The expression of anti apoptotic gene Bcl-2 was significantly (P<0.01) reduced when compared with MCF-7 cell line. From this study we conclude that ethanolic extract of Trachyspermum ammi having significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell lines and it might be good therapeutic value for further investigation to develop natural compounds as a anti tumor agents.

Anti‐angiogenic and anticancer activities of the nanoemulsions synthesized from Trachyspermum ammi L. tincture against human colon adenorectal carcinoma cells

“…In the findings of previous studies, the presence of anticancer compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids, terpenes, glycosides, steroids and carbohydrates in T. ammi L. extract has been confirmed [44]. Additionally, the anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-cancer properties of T. ammi L. have been reported in a study conducted in 2021 [45].…”

Inhibition of proliferation of human osteosarcoma cell line (MG63) by ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) plant extract

“…In the present investigation, hexane fraction at 200 µg/mL and thymol exhibited a prominent anti-proliferative effect compared to the other fractions (Figure 4). In particular, the previous findings emphasize that the main bioactive compound present in the hexane fraction (non-polar solvent) of ajwain seeds is Thymol (Anilakumar et al, 2009;Rahimmalek et al, 2017) and studies reported thymol to be an excellent anti-tumor agent against many cancers (Ramya et al, 2017) . Hence, the anti-proliferative effect shown by the hexane fraction in the present investigation is attributed to the presence of thymol, a monoterpenoid extracted by hexane from the aerial parts of ajwain plant.…”

Dual anticancer activity of Aspergillus nidulans pigment and Ionizing γ-Radiation on human larynx carcinoma cell line

“…Bcl-2 (B cell lymphoma 2) is an anti-apoptotic gene that plays a crucial function in apoptosis regulation. A decrease in Bcl-2 expression results in apoptosis [ 14 ].…”