Anti‐bacterial IgE in the antibody responses of house dust mite allergic children convalescent from asthma exacerbation

Hales, Belinda J.; Martin, Andrew C.; Pearce, Leigh; Rueter, Kristina; Zhang, Guicheng; Khoo, Siew-Kim; Hayden, Catherine M.; Bizzintino, Joelene; McMinn, Peter C.; Geelhoed, Gary C.; Lee, W. M.; Goldblatt, Jack; Laing, Ingrid A.; Lesouëf, Peter; Thomas, WR

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03252.x

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In agreement with these epidemiological data are the results of a study comparing the immune responses during acute asthma exacerbation and convalescence in children sensitised to house dust mite (HDM). It was shown that IgE anti-HDM titres declined during convalescence and fell more rapidly in virus-infected subjects compared to subjects with acute asthma exacerbation not due to viral infection [109]. All these observations have led to the notion that rather than play a role in the induction and progression of allergy in asthma, HRV infections in early life may be favoured by the presence or the predisposition to develop allergic sensitisation, at least in genetically susceptible individuals.…”

Section: Role Of Hrv In Wheezing/asthma Inception and Exacerbationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Infantile respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections: respective role in inception and persistence of wheezing

2014

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There is evidence that respiratory viruses play a key role in the development and exacerbation of obstructive respiratory diseases in children. This review attempts to juxtapose the separate profiles and prototypes of pathogenenetic mechanisms represented by the two most common amongst such viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV).RSV represents the most common agent of severe airway disease in infants and young children, and is predominant in winter months. Large epidemiological studies have revealed an unequivocal relationship between RSV infection and subsequent wheezing into childhood, thought to be related to long-term changes in neuroimmune control of the airways rather than allergic sensitisation.HRV is a highly diverse group of viruses that affect subjects of all ages, is ubiquitous and occurs yearround. In contrast to RSV, infections with HRV cause minimal cytotoxicity but induce a rapid production of cytokines and chemokines with amplification of the inflammatory response. The susceptibility to HRVinduced bronchiolitis and subsequent wheezing appears to be linked to individual predisposition since it is often associated with a family or personal history of asthma/atopy.Thus, RSV probably serves as an "inducer" rather than a "trigger". Conversely, HRVs seem to serve as a "trigger" rather than an "inducer" in predisposed individuals. @ERSpublications Comprehensive overview of the different roles of RSV and HRV in the pathogenesis of recurrent wheezing in childhood

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Section: Role Of Hrv In Wheezing/asthma Inception and Exacerbationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Infantile respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections: respective role in inception and persistence of wheezing

2014

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“…IgE antibodies to nasopharyngeal bacteria have been reported in a number of studies and a recent investigation detected a steep rise of anti-P6 IgE titres in children in the wake of severe asthma exacerbations [15], which implies that sufficient bacterial antigen penetrated the mucosa during this period to stimulate underlying bacterial-specific immunity. These responses are unlikely to be restricted to antibody, given that bacterial products exemplified by HI P6 antigen are also potent inducers of pro-inflammatory cytokines from human macrophages [33] including those at mucosae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assay was calibrated by interpolating the results from a titration curve constructed with recombinant Derp2 captured by the same procedure and a standardised (IU?mL ) for P6 and PspC. The P6 antigen was prepared as described previously [15] and the PspC (aa 1 to 445) antigen as previously described by BROOKS-WALTER et al [23].…”

Section: Immunological Phenotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover these responses have recently been shown to be markedly increased following severe asthma exacerbations in children [15] suggesting that antigens from these bacteria gain entrance to the immune system via the inflamed airway mucosa. The significance of these findings is unclear, and more detailed investigations of relationships between host immune responses, including IgE, to different classes of mucosal dwelling bacteria and susceptibility to asthma are needed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Th2-associated immunity to bacteria in teenagers and susceptibility to asthma

Hollams

Hales²,

Bachert³

et al. 2010

European Respiratory Journal

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Bacterial colonisation of the airways is associated with increased risk of childhood asthma. Immunoglobulin (Ig)E against bacterial antigens has been reported in some asthmatics, suggesting a role for bacterial-specific type-2 immunity in disease pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate relationships between bacterial-specific IgE amongst teenagers and asthma susceptibility.We measured titres of IgE against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in 1,380 teenagers, and related these to asthma symptomatology and immunophenotypes.IgE titres against S. aureus-derived enterotoxins were highest amongst atopics and were associated with asthma risk. Surprisingly, IgE titres against H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae surface antigens were higher, not stratified by atopy and independently associated with decreased asthma risk.The positive association between type-2 immunity to S. aureus and asthma phenotypes probably reflects IgE-mediated effector cell activation via enterotoxin super antigens which are secreted in soluble form. The contrasting benign nature of type-2 immunity to H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae antigens may reflect their lower availability in soluble forms that can crosslink IgE receptors. We theorise that instead they may be processed by antigen presenting cells and presented to type-2 memory cells leading to mucosal secretion of interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13, a mechanism widely recognised in other tissues to attenuate T-helper-1 associated bacterialinduced inflammation.

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“…The natural group 7 allergens can be highly glycosylated (30%) and there are at least 3 different glycosylation isoforms found in varying degrees in different HDM extracts. 50 Minor allergens (groups 3,6,8,9,10,11,13,15,16,17,18,20) (Table 3) Group 3, 6 &9 allergens…”

Section: Group 7 Allergensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchy and molecular properties of house dust mite allergens

Thomas

2015

Allergology International

143

128

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The allergenic load of house dust mite allergy is largely constituted by a few proteins with a hierarchical pattern of allergenicity. The serodominant specificities are the group 1&2 and the group 23 faecal allergens. The collective IgE binding to the group 1&2 allergens can measure unequivocal HDM sensitisation better than HDM extracts although discrepancies have been found in regions with complex acarofauna suggesting a need to investigate the specificity with allergen components. The group 4, 5, 7&21 allergens that each induce responses in about 40% of subjects are mid-tier allergens accounting for most of the remaining IgE binding. Their titres are proportional to the concomitant responses to Der p1&2. Group 2 allergen variants have different antibody binding. Body proteins only occasionally induce sensitisation although a higher prevalence of binding by atopic dermatitis patients provides a new avenue of research. A broad spectrum of IgE binding has been associated with diverse symptoms but not with the severity of asthma which is associated with low IgG antibody. Some allergens such as the group 14 large lipid binding proteins and the recently described proteins Der f 24-33, need further investigation but with the cognoscence that other denominated allergens have been found to be minor sensitisers by comparative quantitative analyses. Scabies is a confounder for diagnosis with extracts, inducing cross-reactive antibodies with Der p 4&20 as is seafood allergy with cross reactivity to Der p 10 a minor HDM allergen. The HDM genome sequence can now be used to verify allelic and paralogous variations.

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Anti‐bacterial IgE in the antibody responses of house dust mite allergic children convalescent from asthma exacerbation

Cited by 34 publications

References 37 publications

Infantile respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections: respective role in inception and persistence of wheezing

Infantile respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections: respective role in inception and persistence of wheezing

Th2-associated immunity to bacteria in teenagers and susceptibility to asthma

Hierarchy and molecular properties of house dust mite allergens

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