Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Phytochemicals on miRNA Regulating Breast Cancer Progression

Abstract

Several phytochemicals have been identified for their role in modifying miRNA regulating tumor progression. miRNAs modulate the expression of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes including the genes that regulate tumor angiogenesis. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) signaling is a central axis that activates oncogenic signaling and acts as a metabolic switch in endothelial cell (EC) driven tumor angiogenesis. Tumor angiogenesis driven by metabolic reprogramming of EC is crucial for tumor progression and metastasis in many different cancers, including breast cancers, and has been linked to aberrant miRNA expression profiles. In the current article, we identify different miRNAs that regulate tumor angiogenesis in the context of oncogenic signaling and metabolic reprogramming in ECs and review how selected phytochemicals could modulate miRNA levels to induce an anti-angiogenic action in breast cancer. Studies involving genistein, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and resveratrol demonstrate the regulation of miRNA-21, miRNA-221/222 and miRNA-27, which are prognostic markers in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Modulating the metabolic pathway is a novel strategy for controlling tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cardamonin, curcumin and resveratrol exhibit their anti-angiogenic property by targeting the miRNAs that regulate EC metabolism. Here we suggest that using phytochemicals to target miRNAs, which in turn suppresses tumor angiogenesis, should have the potential to inhibit tumor growth, progression, invasion and metastasis and may be developed into an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of many different cancers where tumor angiogenesis plays a significant role in tumor growth and progression.

Targeting Glucose Metabolism to Overcome Resistance to Anticancer Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer

“…This pathway, in turn, enhances the activity of HK, PK, and LDH enzymes of the glycolytic pathway and increases the glucose uptake in cancer cells and promotes the emergence of resistance [ 13 ]. Based on the literature reviewed in this current article, in the context of tumor metabolism, acquired resistance to chemotherapy is predominantly regulated by PI3K/AKT signaling [ 14 , 216 , 217 ]. PI3K/AKT confers resistance via multiple pathways such as inhibiting apoptosis through the downregulation of p53, activation of NFκB and subsequent transcriptional activation of drug efflux pumps, and survival signaling [ 218 ].…”

Resveratrol Modulates Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) Signaling Pathway for Disease Therapy: A New Insight into Its Pharmacological Activities

“…Currently, extensive research is being performed for possible applications of natural products for the therapy of chronic diseases, as these agents can regulate multiple molecular targets and transcription factors [ 226 , 227 , 228 , 229 , 230 , 231 , 232 , 233 ]. In the present review, a comprehensive discussion of possible impact of Res on the TGF-β signaling pathway, which is one of the important cascades involved in the regulation of biological mechanisms and the generation of pathological events, is provided.…”

MicroRNAs and Their Influence on the ZEB Family: Mechanistic Aspects and Therapeutic Applications in Cancer Therapy

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