Anthropozoonotic Parasites Circulating in Synanthropic and Pacific Colonies of South American Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens): Non-invasive Techniques Data and a Review of the Literature

Ebmer, David; Navarrete, María José; Muñoz, Pamela; Flores, Luis Miguel; Gärtner, Ulrich; Brabec, Jan; Poppert, Sven; Taubert, Anja; Hermosilla, Carlos

doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.543829

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Measurements in micrometers, unless otherwise stated Species D. sprakeri n. sp. D. sprakeri n. sp.1 a D. scoticum c D. scoticum d Host Zalophus californianus (Lesson) Otaria flavescens Shaw Hydrurga leptonyx (Blainville) H. leptonyx Locality California, USA Los Lagos Region, Chile Antarctica Antarctica GenBank accession no MW600337–MW600339 ( lsr DNA); MW596661, MW596666–MW596673, MW596675–MW596678, MW596680 ( cox 1) KY945917 ( lsr DNA); KY945922, MF893274 ( cox 1) – – Reference Present study Hermosilla et al [ 24 , 25 ] Rennie and Reid [ 42 ] Fuhrmann [ 43 ] d Strobila length (cm) < 200 × 0.8 > 50 13.3–29 13.3 Scolex 999–1484 × 807–1275 – 1800–2500 × 1500 1800–3000 × 700–2500 Neck Absent – Short Absent Gravid proglottid (cm) 0.03–0.07 × 0.27–0.79 0.08–0.14 × 0.71–0.74 0.09 × 0.15 0.12 × 0.55 Testes diameter or size 44–70 150 b ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hermosilla et al [ 24 ] reported a ‘ Diphyllobothrium scoticum -like cestode’ from SASLs from the Pacific coast of Chile to be molecularly conspecific with samples from CSLs. The recent revision of metazoan parasites of SASL by Ebmer et al [ 25 ] reported 44 metazoan taxa (only 25 were identified to the species level), including A. pacificus with its synonyms, Clistobothrium delphini (Bosc, 1802) [as Phyllobothrium delphini (Bosc, 1802)] and unidentified species of Anophryocephalus Baylis, 1922 and ' Diphyllobothrium '.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diphyllobothrium sprakeri n. sp. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae): a hidden broad tapeworm from sea lions off North and South America

et al. 2021

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Background The systematic of several marine diphyllobothriid tapeworms of pinnipeds has been revised in recent years. However, 20 species of Diphyllobothrium from phocids and otariids are still recognized as incertae sedis. We describe a new species of Diphyllobothrium from the intestine of California sea lions Zalophus californianus (Lesson) (type-host) and South American sea lions Otaria flavescens (Shaw). Methods Zalophus californianus from the Pacific coast of the USA and O. flavescens from Peru and Argentina were screened for parasites. Partial fragments of the large ribosomal subunit gene (lsrDNA) and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mitochondrial gene were amplified for 22 isolates. Properly fixed material from California sea lions was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Results A total of four lsrDNA and 21 cox1 sequences were generated and aligned with published sequences of other diphyllobothriid taxa. Based on cox1 sequences, four diphyllobothriid tapeworms from O. flavescens in Peru were found to be conspecific with Adenocephalus pacificus Nybelin, 1931. The other newly generated sequences fall into a well-supported clade with sequences of a putative new species previously identified as Diphyllobothrium sp. 1. from Z. californianus and O. flavescens. A new species, Diphyllobothrium sprakeri n. sp., is proposed for tapeworms of this clade. Conclusions Diphyllobothrium sprakeri n. sp. is the first diphyllobothriid species described from Z. californianus from the Pacific coast of North America, but O. flavescens from Argentina, Chile and Peru was confirmed as an additional host. The present study molecularly confirmed the first coinfection of two diphyllobothriid species in sea lions from the Southern Hemisphere.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diphyllobothrium sprakeri n. sp. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae): a hidden broad tapeworm from sea lions off North and South America

et al. 2021

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“…En este sentido, se incentiva una conducta de acostumbramiento del león marino debido a que en ese lugar puede acceder fácilmente a una fuente de alimento alternativo, situación también registrada en la Feria Fluvial de Valdivia con una serie de implicancias negativas tanto para el león marino como para el ser humano (Root-Bernstein et al 2012, Sepúlveda et al 2015. Por ello, se recomienda evaluar la interacción que aquí se está estableciendo entre los LMC y las pescaderías en virtud de los efectos negativos, la posible dependencia trófica a los desperdicios de la pesca que aquí son entregados, y a la potencial fuente de transmisión de enfermedades zoonóticas entre leones marinos y humanos, como lo ya descrito para otra localidad (i.e., Sepúlveda et al 2015, Hermosilla et al 2016, Ebmer et al 2020.…”

Section: Cetáceos Avistados Desde Plataforma Terrestreunclassified

Patrones de avistamientos y distribución de mamíferos marinos en el litoral centro-sur de Chile

Pavés¹,

Tobar²,

Santibañez³

et al. 2021

RBMO

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Los mamíferos marinos (MM) son componentes clave de los ecosistemas marinos constituyéndose en importantes depredadores en ellos. Su monitoreo permite conocer el estado de sus poblaciones y la salud del ecosistema. Por esta razón, se determinará la diversidad, abundancia y distribución espacial y temporal de MM del centro-sur de Chile. Observadores científicos registraron presencia estacional de MM a lo largo de un año desde plataformas en tierra y mar (invierno-2016 a otoño-2017). Se identificaron 4 especies de MM con un total de ~12.000 avistamientos. La especie más frecuente fue el león marino (LMC, ~99%), luego el delfín chileno (DCh) y registros aislados de ballena franca austral y ballena azul. Los mayores avistamientos del LMC y cetáceos mayores se registraron en verano, mientras para DCh, fue en otoño. En Cobquecura se concentraron los mayores avistamientos de LMC (>80%). Los cetáceos mayores se avistaron a >1.500m de la costa y los DCh a <500m, entorno al río Itata. En el mar, los mayores avistamientos de LMC se registraron en primavera, durante el periodo de actividad pesquera, al igual que el mayor registro de lobos muertos. Pese a que la cantidad de MM identificados aquí, no es mayor a lo descrito para otras partes de Chile, se debe considerar que tres de estas especies están clasificadas bajo algún criterio de amenaza. Además, existe una de las más importantes agrupaciones de DCh y LMC del centro-sur de Chile, expuestas a importantes interacciones operacionales con la pesquería. Esto hace necesario establecer con prontitud medidas de protección del litoral para asegurar la conservación de estos mamíferos marinos en el centro-sur de Chile y con ello, en toda la costa chilena.

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“…Helminth nematodes of the family Anisakidae have a worldwide distribution and present a complex heteroxenous lifecycle in marine habitats including various intermediate host species (Koie et al 1995). Several anisakid nematodes have been found as adult stages parasitizing the digestive tract of marine mammals including seals, sea lions, sea leopards, sea elephants, baleen, and toothed cetaceans (Hermosilla et al 2016;Mattiucci et al 2018;Ebmer et al 2020). Conversely to adult stages, anisakid larval stages are often found parasitizing the body cavity and muscle of many obligate intermediate/paratenic host fish species and cephalopods (Chai et al 2005;Mattiucci et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and molecular identification of zoonotic Anisakis and Pseudoterranova species in fish destined to human consumption in Chile

et al. 2022

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Zoonotic larvae of the family Anisakidae found in several fish species represent a serious risk in public health since they may cause food-borne anisakidosis in humans. Chile has culinary preferences including eating raw fish in many traditional preparations. In the present study, a total of 180 fish specimens representing three different fish species, i.e., Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi), snoek (Thyrsites atun), and sea bream (Brama australis), were caught at central coast of Chile. Parasitological examination was performed on musculature and abdominal cavity for subsequent extraction and quantification of anisakid larvae. Estimation of infection parameters, such as prevalence, was performed indicating 100% (CI: 0.94–1.0) prevalence of anisakid L3 in Chilean hakes and snoeks. Moreover, sea breams reached a prevalence of 35% (CI: 0.23–0.48). Prevalence of anisakid larvae in muscle was also analyzed showing values of 18.6% (CI: 0.097–0.309) in Chilean hakes, 15% (CI: 0.07–0.26) in snoeks, and 1.7% (CI: 0–0.089) in sea breams. Meanwhile, prevalence of anisakid larvae in internal organs showed highest values for peritoneum (100% and 83.3%) for snoeks and Chilean hakes, respectively, for liver (96.7%) and gonads (86.6%) in Chilean hakes, and for intestine (98.3%) in snoeks. Molecular analysis of collected anisakid L3 unveiled presence of two potentially zoonotic nematode species, i.e., Pseudoterranova cattani and Anisakis pegreffii. P. cattani was found in Chilean hakes and snoeks being the first molecular host species report for Chilean snoeks. Besides, A. pegreffii was also identified in these species being the first molecular report on this regard. These findings are relevant for better understanding of epidemiology of anisakiasis in Chilean coasts and for public health issues considering potential risk of human population due to its culinary preferences in eating raw fish.

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Anthropozoonotic Parasites Circulating in Synanthropic and Pacific Colonies of South American Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens): Non-invasive Techniques Data and a Review of the Literature

Cited by 11 publications

References 80 publications

Diphyllobothrium sprakeri n. sp. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae): a hidden broad tapeworm from sea lions off North and South America

Diphyllobothrium sprakeri n. sp. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae): a hidden broad tapeworm from sea lions off North and South America

Patrones de avistamientos y distribución de mamíferos marinos en el litoral centro-sur de Chile

Prevalence and molecular identification of zoonotic Anisakis and Pseudoterranova species in fish destined to human consumption in Chile

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