Anthropomorphic radiation therapy phantoms: A quantitative assessment of tissue substitutes

Kleck, J H; Smathers, James B.; Holly, F. Eugene; Myers, L.

doi:10.1118/1.596552

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The phantom comprises 35 transverse slices, each with a thickness of 2.5 cm and containing a matrix of drilled holes of 5-mm diameter where thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) can be placed [see Fig. 2 27 In addition, in order to mimic a female phantom we added breast attachments to the Alderson-Rando phantom [see Fig. 2(c)] and performed TLD dose measurements also in this region.…”

Section: B Anthropomorphic Phantom To Assess Dose Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of patient dose from CT localizer radiographs

et al. 2013

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Purpose: With recently introduced technical innovations for CT systems, the dose of CT scan acquisitions has been substantially reduced; even effective dose values below 1 mSv have been reported. Due to this development, dose of the localizer radiograph may contribute substantially to dose of the whole CT examination. Since there are only limited data in the literature regarding patient dose for the different types of localizer radiographs, patient dose values were estimated in our study by measurements and Monte Carlo simulations and compared to dose values of typical CT examinations. Methods: First, dose distributions were measured in anthropomorphic phantoms for three different body regions (head, thorax, abdomen-pelvic) and three positions of the x-ray tube (AP, PA, and lateral views); measured values were compared to simulated data using Monte Carlo techniques for validation purposes. Second, organ and effective dose values for the various investigated localizer radiograph scenarios were calculated and compared with published dose values for standard CT and low-dose CT examinations. Results: For the anthropomorphic phantom, deviations of the dose values between measured and calculated results were in the range of 15%. Organ and effective dose values showed a strong dependence on the tube position. The largest differences were observed for chest localizer radiographs in the female phantom for the dose to the breast (AP: 1.01 mGy vs PA: 0.24 mGy). Overall effective dose values were in the range of 0.04-0.42 mSv per localizer radiograph acquisition. Conclusions: In view of the technical dose-reducing innovations in CT, localizer radiographs may substantially contribute to the total dose of the whole CT examination, particularly in the case of dedicated low-dose scans used, e.g., for young patients or screening purposes. Optimization of dose in localizer radiographs should be pursued further in the same way as it was done in CT.

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Section: B Anthropomorphic Phantom To Assess Dose Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of patient dose from CT localizer radiographs

et al. 2013

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“…JCOG0702 is an investigation into the use of SBRT for T2N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer in inoperable patients and elderly patients who refuse surgery. There have been several reports of development of a solid phantom and a water tank-type phantom for dose verification using a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and dosimetric film [19–21]. The main unit of these phantoms was large, the interior was not transparent because of being made of gray polyvinyl chloride, dose distribution measurement using dosimetric film in a specific plane in the lung field was difficult, and absolute dose measurement using an air chamber was not applicable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, development of water tank-type lung phantom and dosimetric verification in institutions participating in a phase I study of stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with T2N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial (JCOG0702)

Nishio¹,

Shirato²,

Ishikawa³

et al. 2014

Journal of Radiation Research

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A domestic multicenter phase I study of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for T2N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer in inoperable patients or elderly patients who refused surgery was initiated as the Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial (JCOG0702) in Japan. Prior to the clinical study, the accuracy of dose calculation in radiation treatment-planning systems was surveyed in participating institutions, and differences in the irradiating dose between the institutions were investigated. We developed a water tank-type lung phantom appropriate for verification of the exposure dose in lung SBRT. Using this water tank-type lung phantom, the dose calculated in the radiation treatment-planning system and the measured dose using a free air ionization chamber and dosimetric film were compared in a visiting survey of the seven institutions participating in the clinical study. In all participating institutions, differences between the calculated and the measured dose in the irradiation plan were as follows: the accuracy of the absolute dose in the center of the simulated tumor measured using a free air ionization chamber was within 2%, the mean gamma value was ≤0.47 on gamma analysis following the local dose criteria, and the pass rate was >87% for 3%/3 mm from measurement of dose distribution with dosimetric film. These findings confirmed the accuracy of delivery doses in the institutions participating in the clinical study, so that a study with integration of the institutions could be initiated.

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“…The RANDO anthropomorphic phantom (The Phantom Laboratory, Salem, CA) [16] provides a detailed mapping of the dose distribution that is essential for evaluating radiotherapy treatment plans. RANDO phantoms are constructed with a natural human skeleton cast inside a material that is radiologically equivalent to soft tissue.…”

Section: Anthropomorphic Phantommentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the usefulness of a MOSFET detector in an anthropomorphic phantom for 6-MV photon beam

Kohno

Hirano

Kitou

et al. 2010

Radiol Phys Technol

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In order to evaluate the usefulness of a metal oxide-silicon field-effect transistor (MOSFET) detector as a in vivo dosimeter, we performed in vivo dosimetry using the MOSFET detector with an anthropomorphic phantom. We used the RANDO phantom as an anthropomorphic phantom, and dose measurements were carried out in the abdominal, thoracic, and head and neck regions for simple square field sizes of 10 x 10, 5 x 5, and 3 x 3 cm(2) with a 6-MV photon beam. The dose measured by the MOSFET detector was verified by the dose calculations of the superposition (SP) algorithm in the XiO radiotherapy treatment-planning system. In most cases, the measured doses agreed with the results of the SP algorithm within +/-3%. Our results demonstrated the utility of the MOSFET detector for in vivo dosimetry even in the presence of clinical tissue inhomogeneities.

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Anthropomorphic radiation therapy phantoms: A quantitative assessment of tissue substitutes

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of patient dose from CT localizer radiographs

Assessment of patient dose from CT localizer radiographs

Design, development of water tank-type lung phantom and dosimetric verification in institutions participating in a phase I study of stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with T2N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial (JCOG0702)

Evaluation of the usefulness of a MOSFET detector in an anthropomorphic phantom for 6-MV photon beam

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