Anthropometry for WorldSID A World-Harmonized Midsize Male Side Impact Crash Dummy

Moss, Steve; Wang, Z.; Salloum, Michael; Reed, Matthew P.; Ratingen, Michiel van; Cesari, Dominique; Scherer, Risa; Uchimura, Takahiko; Beusenberg, Marc C.

doi:10.4271/2000-01-2202

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…We obtained stature and weight criteria from a worldwide anthropometric survey, 42 and these are presented in table 2 along with the subject data.…”

Section: Ball Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heading in football. Part 1: Development of biomechanical methods to investigate head response

Shewchenko¹,

Withnall²,

Keown³

et al. 2005

Br J Sports Med

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Objectives: There has been growing controversy regarding long term effects of repeated low severity head impacts such as when heading a football. However, there are few scientific data substantiating these concerns in terms of the biomechanical head response to impact. The present study aimed to develop a research methodology to investigate the biomechanical response of human subjects during intentional heading and identify strategies for reducing head impact severity. Methods: A controlled laboratory study was carried out with seven active football players, aged 20-23 and of average stature and weight. The subjects were fitted with photographic targets for kinematic analysis and instrumented to measure head linear/angular accelerations and neck muscle activity. Balls were delivered at two speeds (6 m/s and 8 m/s) as the subjects executed several specific forward heading manoeuvres in the standing position. Heading speeds up to 11 m/s were seen when the head closing speed was considered. One subject demonstrating averaged flexion-extension muscle activity phased with head acceleration data and upper torso kinematics was used to validate a biofidelic 50th percentile human model with a detailed head and neck. The model was exercised under ball incoming speeds of 6-7 m/s with parameter variations including torso/head alignment, neck muscle tensing, and follow through. The model output was subsequently compared with additional laboratory tests with football players (n = 3). Additional heading scenarios were investigated including follow through, non-active ball impact, and noncontact events. Subject and model head responses were evaluated with peak linear and rotational accelerations and maximum incremental head impact power. Results: Modelling of neck muscle tensing predicted lower head accelerations and higher neck loads whereas volunteer head acceleration reductions were not consistent. Modelling of head-torso alignment predicted a modest reduction in volunteer head accelerations. Exaggerated follow through while heading reduced volunteer head accelerations modestly. Conclusion: Biomechanical methods were developed to measure head impact response. Changing the biomechanics of currently accepted heading techniques will have inconsistent benefits towards the reduction of head loading. Furthermore, mathematical modelling suggested an increased risk of neck loads with one alternative technique. No consistent recommendations can be made on the basis of the current study for altering heading techniques to reduce impact severity.

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“…We obtained stature and weight criteria from a worldwide anthropometric survey, 42 and these are presented in table 2 along with the subject data.…”

Section: Ball Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heading in football. Part 1: Development of biomechanical methods to investigate head response

Shewchenko¹,

Withnall²,

Keown³

et al. 2005

Br J Sports Med

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“…Therefore, the anthropometry of the individual selected was selected to match existing ATDs (Anthropomorphic Test Devices, commonly known as crash test dummies). 43,46,58 The height and weight targets for the individual selected for this study originate from the NHANES study in 1974, which today is known to underestimate the weight of the average sized U.S. male because of increases in corpulence over the last 3 and a half decades. 49 Despite this limitation, there were two main motivations for using the original NHANES data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Full Body CAD Dataset for Computational Modeling: A Multi-modality Approach

et al. 2011

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The objective of this study was to develop full body CAD geometry of a seated 50th percentile male. Model development was based on medical image data acquired for this study, in conjunction with extensive data from the open literature. An individual (height, 174.9 cm, weight, 78.6 ± 0.77 kg, and age 26 years) was enrolled in the study for a period of 4 months. 72 scans across three imaging modalities (CT, MRI, and upright MRI) were collected. The whole-body dataset contains 15,622 images. Over 300 individual components representing human anatomy were generated through segmentation. While the enrolled individual served as a template, segmented data were verified against, or augmented with, data from over 75 literature sources on the average morphology of the human body. Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) surfaces with tangential (G1) continuity were constructed over all the segmented data. The sagittally symmetric model consists of 418 individual components representing bones, muscles, organs, blood vessels, ligaments, tendons, cartilaginous structures, and skin. Length, surface area, and volumes of components germane to crash injury prediction are presented. The total volume (75.7 × 103 cm(3)) and surface area (1.86 × 102 cm(2)) of the model closely agree with the literature data. The geometry is intended for subsequent use in nonlinear dynamics solvers, and serves as the foundation of a global effort to develop the next-generation computational human body model for injury prediction and prevention.

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“…It was considered that a subject belonged to the relevant morphotype if his/her weight, height and BMI were within a range of þ/710% of the 5thF, 50thM and 95thM reference values defined by Serre et al (2004) and shown in figure 1. These reference values were based on data from previous anthropometric studies of European civilians (Rebiffe et al 1982, Jurgens et al 1990, Moss et al 2000, 1548 S. Bertrand et al Wang et al 2000). Data from studies performed during the 1980s were corrected to take account of growth rates (height þ2%; weight þ1.5%) obtained by comparing Flu¨gel et al's (1986) and Moss et al's (2000) results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These reference values were based on data from previous anthropometric studies of European civilians (Rebiffe et al 1982, Jurgens et al 1990, Moss et al 2000, 1548 S. Bertrand et al Wang et al 2000). Data from studies performed during the 1980s were corrected to take account of growth rates (height þ2%; weight þ1.5%) obtained by comparing Flu¨gel et al's (1986) and Moss et al's (2000) results. Then, the corrected values and more recent ones were averaged.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

External and internal geometry of European adults

et al. 2006

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The primary objective of the study was to bring a deeper knowledge of the human anthropometry, investigating the external and internal body geometry of small women, mid-sized men and tall men. Sixty-four healthy European adults were recruited. External measurements were performed using classical anthropometric instruments. Internal measurements of the trunk bones were performed using a stereo-radiographic 3D reconstruction technique. Besides the original procedure presented in this paper for performing in vivo geometrical data acquisition on numerous volunteers, this study provides an extensive description of both external and internal (trunk skeleton) human body geometry for three morphotypes. Moreover, this study proposes a global external and internal geometrical description of 5th female 50th male and 95th male percentile subjects. This study resulted in a unique geometrical database enabling improvement for numerical models of the human body for crash test simulation and offering numerous possibilities in the anthropometry field.

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Anthropometry for WorldSID A World-Harmonized Midsize Male Side Impact Crash Dummy

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Heading in football. Part 1: Development of biomechanical methods to investigate head response

Heading in football. Part 1: Development of biomechanical methods to investigate head response

Development of a Full Body CAD Dataset for Computational Modeling: A Multi-modality Approach

External and internal geometry of European adults

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