External and internal geometry of European adults

Abstract

The primary objective of the study was to bring a deeper knowledge of the human anthropometry, investigating the external and internal body geometry of small women, mid-sized men and tall men. Sixty-four healthy European adults were recruited. External measurements were performed using classical anthropometric instruments. Internal measurements of the trunk bones were performed using a stereo-radiographic 3D reconstruction technique. Besides the original procedure presented in this paper for performing in vivo geometrical data acquisition on numerous volunteers, this study provides an extensive description of both external and internal (trunk skeleton) human body geometry for three morphotypes. Moreover, this study proposes a global external and internal geometrical description of 5th female 50th male and 95th male percentile subjects. This study resulted in a unique geometrical database enabling improvement for numerical models of the human body for crash test simulation and offering numerous possibilities in the anthropometry field.

Finite element simulation of a scoliotic spine with periodic adjustments of an attached growing rod

“…The geometry of spine finite element model was constructed from published studies by Bertand et al [12]. The model is composed of 17 vertebral bodies (T1-L5) and 16 intervertebral discs using linear, homogeneous and isotropic material properties, their values are presented in (Table I) [9,11].…”

Geometrical personalisation of human FE model using palpable markers on volunteers

“…The THUMS personalisation was carried out using a method based on radial basis function (RBF; Buhmann 2003) which is widely spread to personalise FE meshes using control points (Besnault et al 1998;Bertrand et al 2006;Serre et al July 2006;Vezin and Berthet November 2009). Its ability to generate models of the rib cage from bony landmarks has been demonstrated by Vezin and Berthet (November 2009), but also in previous studies Serre et al July 2006), which considered external landmarks of HUMOS2 50th percentile male FE model to create the small female and the large male models.…”

A preliminary study on the realism of digital human manikins used for ergonomics simulation

“…Bi-planar X-ray acquisitions (face and profile), from a low-dose imaging device (EOS; Biospace Instruments, Paris, France), of these subjects in a standing posture were also available. From the bi-planar X-rays, three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the C7 -L5 were reconstructed (Bertrand et al 2006) as only the spine joints were considered in this preliminary study. The coordinates of the odontoid process and the centres of the upper plates of T5, T9 and L1 were compared with the manikin joint locations of C1/head, T4/T5, T8/T9 and T12/L1.…”

“…Twelve subjects were selected from the data collected in a previous study by Bertrand et al (2006), forming three groups according to BMI: thin women (, 21 kg/m 2 ), overweight men (. 25 kg/ m 2 ) and mixed average in-between.…”