Anthropometry and Nutritional Status of Primary School Children in a Sub-urban Region in Tanzania

Teblick, Arno; Deken, Sofie De; Vanderbruggen, Wies; Vermeersch, Marie; Téblick, Sofie; Ruymaekers, Maarten; Andries, Jasmine; Colebunders, Robert; Mmbando, Bruno P.

doi:10.5812/intjsh.46079

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…The risk of stunting and wasting/thinness was higher among student above 10 years of age compared with lower age groups, which is in line with a meta-analysis reported from Iran [60] and sub-Saharan Africa [5]. Higher risk of stunting was reported from boys than girls in many African countries include Tanzania [64], Burkina Faso [65] and Uganda [62]. In many African countries, older age children particularly males are involved in energy demanding on-farm activities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among school children of Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hailegebreil¹

2019

Preprint

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Background: Ethiopia is the second populous countries in Africa where millions of children are affected by malnutrition. Several original works are available online about child malnutrition in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to summarize the existing epidemiological data on undernutrition and possible determinants among school children in Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using open access articles which report prevalence of stunting and wasting/thinness from PubMed Central, Scopus and Science direct. From 358 articles accessed online, 39 of them were eligible for this meta-analysis. The heterogeneities among studies were evaluated using I2 test and the pooled prevalence was calculated using a random effect model. Results: A total of 24, 716 school children were included in 39 eligible articles for this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of stunting and wasting/thinness among school children in Ethiopia were 23.1% (95% CI: 19.0 - 27.0%) and 22% (95% CI: 17% - 26%), respectively. The risk of stunting was increased among the student with meal frequency ≤ 3 times a day (OR= 3.02, 95% CI: 1.90 - 4.14), age > 10 years (OR= 2.16, 95% CI: 1.47 - 2.85) and family size ≥ 5 (OR= 1.88, 95% CI: 1.40 - 2.35). Similarly, the risk of wasting/thinness was increased with male sex (OR= 2.06, 95% CI: 1.54 - 2.58), low family income (OR= 2.16, 95% CI: 1.30 - 3.01) and age > 10 years (OR= 1.78, 95% CI: 0.74 - 2.82). High heterogeneity about the prevalence of stunting and wasting/thinness was observed among studies included in this meta-analysis (I2 > 98.6). Conclusions: This study showed that stunting and wasting/thinness are common nutritional problems in school children in Ethiopia. Large family size, male sex and age above 10 years were consistently associated with stunting and wasting/thinness in children. The finding of this study highlights the importance of new strategies to reduce undernutrition in Ethiopia. Keywords: stunting, wasting, thinness, undernutrition, systematic review, meta-analysis

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among school children of Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hailegebreil¹

2019

Preprint

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“…The risk of stunting and wasting/thinness was higher among students older than 10 years compared with lower age-groups, which is in line with a meta-analysis reported from Iran 64 and sub-Saharan Africa. 6 Higher risk of stunting was reported from boys than girls at older ages from Tanzania, 68 Burkina Faso, 69 and Uganda. 66 In many African countries, older age children particularly males are involved in energy-demanding on-farm activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting and Thinness/Wasting Among Schoolchildren of Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hailegebriel

2020

Food Nutr Bull

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Background: Several studies have been carried out on assessing the prevalence of undernutrition and possible determinants among schoolchildren in Ethiopia, but there is a lack of systematically gathered and analyzed information. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize epidemiological data on undernutrition and possible determinants among schoolchildren in Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using open access articles that report the prevalence of stunting and wasting/thinness among schoolchildren from PubMed Central, Scopus, and Science direct. The pooled prevalence was determined using a random-effect model while heterogeneities between studies were evaluated by I 2 test. Results: A total of 24 716 schoolchildren were included in the 39 eligible articles. The prevalence of stunting and wasting/thinness among schoolchildren in Ethiopia were 23.1% (95% CI: 19.0-27.0) and 22% (95% CI: 17-26), respectively. There was a marked difference in the prevalence of stunting and wasting/thinness across regions of Ethiopia. The risk of stunting was increased with meal frequency ≤3 times a day (odds ratio [OR] = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.90-4.14), age >10 years (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.47-2.85), and family size ≥5 (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.40-2.35). Similarly, the risk of wasting/thinness was increased with male sex (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.54-2.58), low family income (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.30-3.01), and age >10 years (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 0.74-2.82). Conclusion: This study revealed that more than one-fifth of schoolchildren are stunted or wasted/thinned in Ethiopia. Large family size, male sex, and student age were consistently associated with stunting and wasting/thinness among schoolchildren. This study highlights the importance of an integrated effort to reduce undernutrition in Ethiopia.

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“…Children who missed the meal during the school day were more likely to suffer from chronic malnutrition. Table (3 [11,12,13,14,15], Nigeria [16,17,18], Tanzania [19], India [20].…”

Section: General Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of malnutrition in School aged children, Kassala State, Sudan

Khalid

Eldirdery

ElGasim

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background : Childhood malnutrition is a major concern in developing countries due to high morbidity and mortality rate. To estimate the prevalence of malnutrition among school children, Kassala State, A cross-sectional study was conducted randomly among 2638 children. Height for age and body mass index for age z scores were calculated using WHO Anthro Plus software as indicators of stunting and thinness respectively. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to determine the associated factors. Results: The overall prevalence of stunted and thinness was 22.1% and 32.3% respectively. Stunting was significantly higher among children in age group 13-15 years old (OR 3.788; 95% CI: 2.802- 5.123), boys (OR 1.394; 95% CI: 1.114-1.743) and children from rural areas (OR 2.406; 95% CI: 1.768- 3.274). Likewise thinness was significantly higher among boys (OR 1.717; 95% CI: 1.436- 2.052), Rural residence (OR 1.885; 95% CI: 1.487- 2.389), child whose families depend on unsafe source of drinking water (OR 2.205; 95% CI: 1.484- 3.276). Moreover, children who skipped meal during the school day or bring their food from their houses OR 2.744; 95% CI: 2.131- 3.532, 1.752(95% CI: 1.441- 2.129) respectively). Maternal education and occupation, in addition to family size and child ordered had no effect on the prevalence of malnutrition. Conclusions: In the present study, different forms of malnutrition was documented and affected by child age, gender, residence, source of drinking water. Therefore, more attention is needed to focus on nutrition status, improving the school environment, maternal education, and regular health assessment.

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Anthropometry and Nutritional Status of Primary School Children in a Sub-urban Region in Tanzania

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among school children of Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among school children of Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting and Thinness/Wasting Among Schoolchildren of Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of malnutrition in School aged children, Kassala State, Sudan

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