Anthropometric Variation in India: A Statistical Appraisal

Majumder, Partha P.; Shankar, B. Uma; Basu, Amitabha; Malhotra, K. C.; Gupta, Ranjan; Mukhopadhyay, Barun; Vijayakumar, M.; Roy, Sarabindu

doi:10.1086/203812

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This cluster, therefore, includes populations from diverse geographical regions and diverse sociocultural backgrounds. Even though our study 16 revealed that there are statistically significant differences in the selected physical characteristics for which we have data on the Indian peoples inhabiting different geographical regions and having different ethnic backgrounds, the patterns of clustering of the populations clearly showed that these two factors are insufficient to explain the anthropometric variation observed at the all-India level. Although the anthropometric characters used in this analysis are known to have high heritabilities, 13 they are also significantly affected by environmental factors.…”

Section: Physical Diversity and Affinities In Indiacontrasting

confidence: 59%

People of India: Biological diversity and affinities

Majumder¹

1998

Evol. Anthropol.

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148

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The Indian subcontinent comprises a vast collection of peoples with different morphological, genetic, cultural, and linguistic characteristics. While much of this variability is indigenous, a considerable fraction of it has been introduced through large‐scale immigrations into India in historical times. From an evolutionary standpoint, it is of immense interest to quantify biological diversity in contemporary human populations, to study biological affinities and to relate observed patterns of affinities with cultural, linguistic and demographic histories of populations. Such efforts are intended to shed light on the peopling of India. The purpose of this paper is to present a broad overview of the physical (anthropometric) and genetic diversities and affinities of the peoples of India. I shall also attempt to examine how well biological, particularly genetic, diversities and affinities correlate with geographical, socio‐cultural, and linguistic diversities and affinities. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Physical Diversity and Affinities In Indiacontrasting

confidence: 59%

People of India: Biological diversity and affinities

Majumder¹

1998

Evol. Anthropol.

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148

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“…Between 1949 to 1981 5 there were several studies based on interregional framework. Anthropological Survey of India has undertaken three large-scale anthropometric surveys during 1963, 1969 and 1985 6 . However, the measurements taken during the above anthropological studies were quite different from those required for the purpose of developing size charts for the garment industry and hence were not really helpful.…”

Section: Indian Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

INDIAsize - Planning and Execution of National Sizing Survey of India

ANAND¹,

TIWARI²

2022

Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2022 - 13th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies,

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Research studies conducted on fit and human-body measurements across the globe indicates that a large percentage of consumers face difficulty in finding clothes that fit them perfectly according to their body shapes and sizes. The overarching reason is differences in anthropometric built of people from one region to another. This has led countries to undertake national sizing surveys to create anthropometric database of measurements which is a true representation of the entire population, to cater to their respective retail industry. The size charts and insights generated through these surveys and corresponding analysis has helped the garment industry to provide well-fitting garments designed as per the body structure of the native population. India is facing the same dilemma. The Indian apparel industry uses size charts which are largely tweaked versions of size charts of other countries and are created more out of the manufacturer's instinct and experience than a proven scientific study, resulting in fits which leave lot to desire. Projected returns of the garments are in the range of 30% to 40% (and is increasing with the growth of ecommerce) and the major reason for the returns are poor garment fit. Providing well-fitting garments in the absence of standardized size chart is proving to be a big challenge for the domestic textile and apparel industry in India Hence, India is undertaking its own anthropometric survey-INDIAsize, to develop standard body sizes for Indian apparel sector to address the prevailing disparities and inconsistencies in apparel sizing systems and provided fits. INDIAsize targets at collecting anthropometric data from representative Indian population, of youth, adult and elderly, calculated basis stratified sampling of Census data of India. Data is being collected from various demographics of age, region, sex, income and community (rural &urban) using non-contact, human safe 3D whole body scanning technology. More than 25000 (Twenty-Five Thousand) male and female persons between the age group of 15 years and 65 years are being scanned in six major cities located in six regions of India i.e., New Delhi (North Region), Chennai (South Region), Kolkata (East Region), Mumbai (West Region), Hyderabad (Central Region), and Shillong (North-East Region). The anthropometric data on more than 120 anthropometric points are being extracted in two postures i.e., Sitting and standing from the participants of the survey. The survey is guided by various ISO protocols of 8559, 7250, 20685 etc. The survey will create Size identification number for a customer through mapping, categorization and defining of their body shape and size. This indigenous body size chart thus created will help national and international retailers and manufacturers to produce goods which are best suited for Indian body types and create a balance between demand and supply of well fitted clothes. The paper shares the details of planning this large-scale survey and data collected so far.

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“…This is contrary to the viewpoint that the cranial base possesses a stronger signal of phylogeny and population history than the facial bones, which would more likely be a reflection of climate variations (Harvati and Weaver, ). Osteometric standards of the skull, for instance those reflecting the projection of the zygoma, are also used and considered population specific (Majumder et al, ; Kamal and Rathee, ). Features relating to facial flatness, such as the degree of zygomatic projection, have often been selected for studies of interpopulation variation (Hanihara, ).…”

Section: Important Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestral Variations in the Shape and Size of the Zygoma

Oettlé

Demeter

L'Abbé

2016

The Anatomical Record

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The variable development of the zygoma, dictating its shape and size variations among ancestral groups, has important clinical implications and valuable anthropological and evolutionary inferences. The purpose of the study was to review the literature regarding the variations in the zygoma with ancestry. Ancestral variation in the zygoma reflects genetic variations because of genetic drift as well as natural selection and epigenetic changes to adapt to diet and climate variations with possible intensification by isolation. Prominence of the zygoma, zygomaxillary tuberosity, and malar tubercle have been associated with Eastern Asian populations in whom these features intensified. Prominence of the zygoma is also associated with groups from Eastern Europe and the rest of Asia. Diffusion of these traits occurred across the Behring Sea to the Arctic areas and to North and South America. The greatest zygomatic projections are exhibited in Arctic groups as an adaptation to extreme cold conditions, while Native South American groups also present with other features of facial robusticity. Groups from Australia, Malaysia, and Oceania show prominence of the zygoma to a certain extent, possibly because of archaic occupations by undifferentiated Southeast Asian populations. More recent interactions with Chinese groups might explain the prominent cheekbones noted in certain South African groups. Many deductions regarding evolutionary processes and diversifications of early groups have been made. Cognisance of these ancestral variations also have implications for forensic anthropological assessments as well as plastic and reconstructive surgery. More studies are needed to improve accuracy of forensic anthropological identification techniques. Anat Rec, 300:196-208, 2017. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: evolution; malar prominence; zygomaxillary tuberosity; malar tubercle; native AmericanThe variable prominence of the cheek, known as the zygoma, is largely attributable to the shape of the underlying zygomatic and maxillary bones (Enlow and Hans, 1996;Standring, 2008). The extent of the development of the zygoma and, therefore, its shape and size varies among ancestral groups and has important correlations with the morphology of other features of the face such as the orbit, nasal cavity, and the mandible. Ancestral variations have been extensively researched and are thought to reflect subsistence, adaptation to climate, isolation and/or to historic contacts among human groups. Many deductions regarding evolutionary processes and

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Anthropometric Variation in India: A Statistical Appraisal

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

People of India: Biological diversity and affinities

People of India: Biological diversity and affinities

INDIAsize - Planning and Execution of National Sizing Survey of India

Ancestral Variations in the Shape and Size of the Zygoma

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