Research studies conducted on fit and human-body measurements across the globe indicates that a large percentage of consumers face difficulty in finding clothes that fit them perfectly according to their body shapes and sizes. The overarching reason is differences in anthropometric built of people from one region to another. This has led countries to undertake national sizing surveys to create anthropometric database of measurements which is a true representation of the entire population, to cater to their respective retail industry. The size charts and insights generated through these surveys and corresponding analysis has helped the garment industry to provide well-fitting garments designed as per the body structure of the native population. India is facing the same dilemma. The Indian apparel industry uses size charts which are largely tweaked versions of size charts of other countries and are created more out of the manufacturer's instinct and experience than a proven scientific study, resulting in fits which leave lot to desire. Projected returns of the garments are in the range of 30% to 40% (and is increasing with the growth of ecommerce) and the major reason for the returns are poor garment fit. Providing well-fitting garments in the absence of standardized size chart is proving to be a big challenge for the domestic textile and apparel industry in India Hence, India is undertaking its own anthropometric survey-INDIAsize, to develop standard body sizes for Indian apparel sector to address the prevailing disparities and inconsistencies in apparel sizing systems and provided fits. INDIAsize targets at collecting anthropometric data from representative Indian population, of youth, adult and elderly, calculated basis stratified sampling of Census data of India. Data is being collected from various demographics of age, region, sex, income and community (rural &urban) using non-contact, human safe 3D whole body scanning technology. More than 25000 (Twenty-Five Thousand) male and female persons between the age group of 15 years and 65 years are being scanned in six major cities located in six regions of India i.e., New Delhi (North Region), Chennai (South Region), Kolkata (East Region), Mumbai (West Region), Hyderabad (Central Region), and Shillong (North-East Region). The anthropometric data on more than 120 anthropometric points are being extracted in two postures i.e., Sitting and standing from the participants of the survey. The survey is guided by various ISO protocols of 8559, 7250, 20685 etc. The survey will create Size identification number for a customer through mapping, categorization and defining of their body shape and size. This indigenous body size chart thus created will help national and international retailers and manufacturers to produce goods which are best suited for Indian body types and create a balance between demand and supply of well fitted clothes. The paper shares the details of planning this large-scale survey and data collected so far.
3D scanning has evolved as one of the most advanced and accurate technology to measure humans and products. Quick and reliable results achieved by 3D scanning over manual measurements, make it the most preferred tool for measurement. 3D scanning has been extensively used in various national sizing surveys worldwide, including the INDIAsize (the National Sizing Survey of India) being carried out by the National Institute of Fashion Technology, INDIA. The 3D scan results are compared to the manual measurements to establish the accuracy of the scanner. This research paper describes two novel and alternative approaches (based on 1. Bias-shift, and 2. Regression modeling) to check the reliability and validity of the measures derived from 3D Body Scanner in comparison to measures provided by the manual measures. A comparison of both the approaches has also been discussed in this research paper.The 3-D Body scanning was done by Sizestream 3D Body Scanner -SS14. The manual body measurements were taken by experienced experts using an anthropometer, stadiometer, and certified flexible non-stretchable steel tape. In total 133 subjects (68 male and 65 female subjects) covering 102 body dimensions were taken manually and were used while comparing 3D scan measurements to establish the validity and reliability of the scanner. The procedure adopted for validation and reliability check for the 3D scanner was as prescribed in the ISO 20685( 2005) and ISO 20685 (2018). It was observed that the Sizestream -SS14 scanners used were highly consistent in measuring the subjects as confirmed by the high values of Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) conducted to check for the consistency and repeatability between different scan measurements. However, a systematic error was reported in the process failing some of the measurements in terms of accuracy levels (as per ISO 8559 (1989) and ISO 20685(2005)) achieved against manual measurements used as the gold standards. Subsequently, two different approaches were applied to establish scanning accuracy and comparative analysis of results has been carried out.This research paper describes the validation and reliability procedure as per ISO protocols. It also discusses the regression-based statistical procedure adopted to confirm the desired measurement accuracy of the scanners within the permissible error limits of ISO 20685 (2005) and ISO 8559 (1989). Based on the comparative analysis, the paper also suggest recommended approach to achieve the desired accuracy by overcoming the systematic error in scanner measurement for all the anthropometric dimensions. This may help in making the data acceptable for use for any further analysis.
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