Anthropometric factors and ovarian cancer risk: A systematic review and nonlinear dose‐response meta‐analysis of prospective studies

Abstract

the evidence relating body fatness to ovarian cancer risk was considered inconclusive, while the evidence supported a probably causal relationship between adult attained height and increased risk. Several additional cohort studies have since been published, and therefore we conducted an updated meta-analysis of the evidence as part of the Continuous Update Project. We searched PubMed and several other databases up to 20th of August 2014. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using a random effects model. The summary relative risk for a 5-U increment in BMI was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03-1.11, I2 5 54%, n 5 28 studies). There was evidence of a nonlinear association, p nonlinearity < 0.0001, with risk increasing significantly from BMI~28 and above. The summary RR per 5 U increase in BMI in early adulthood was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.05-1.20, I 2 5 0%, p heterogeneity 5 0.54, n 5 6), per 5 kg increase in body weight was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02-1.05, I 2 5 0%, n 5 4) and per 10 cm increase in waist circumference was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00-1.12, I 2 5 0%, n 5 6). No association was found for weight gain, hip circumference or waist-to-hip ratio.The summary RR per 10 cm increase in height was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.11-1.21, I 2 5 32%, n 5 16). In conclusion, greater body fatness as measured by body mass index and weight are positively associated risk of ovarian cancer, and in addition, greater height is associated with increased risk. Further studies are needed to clarify whether abdominal fatness and weight gain is associated with risk.Ovarian cancer is the 7th most common cancer in women and accounts for 3.6% of all new cancer cases in women.

Obesity over the life course and risk of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes

“…Previous studies of weight gain in adult solid tumors have shown an increased risk associated with weight gain in adulthood [21, 36–38]. The evidence for an association between weight gain and leukemia is not as well established.…”

Complex trait genetics: mapping, correlation and causation

“…The genetic overlap with diabetes appeared mainly in association with mucinous EOC. Overall, the directions of association are consistent with what has been reported in observational studies [170][171][172][173], although most of these associations are not significant.…”

“…So far epidemiological and genetic studies have identified many lifestyle, environmental and genetic factors associated to an increase in risk of EOC. Among these, smoking [169,170], obesity [171][172][173], and type 2 diabetes [174,175] are associated with an increased risk, while [later] age at menarche appears to confer some protection [176]. Studies have identified multiple subtype specific and nonspecific genetic variants (e.g.…”

“…Beside genetic factors predisposing to these diseases, some environmental factors such as smoking [169,170] and obesity [171][172][173] may be associated with increases in risk of some subtypes of EOC. In addition, traits including achieved height [171,343] and diabetes mellitus [174,175] have been positively associated to EOC.…”

“…In addition, traits including achieved height [171,343] and diabetes mellitus [174,175] have been positively associated to EOC. In contrast, some studies have shown that age at menarche [176] is inversely associated with risk of EOC.…”