Anthropometric analysis of eyebrows and eyelids: An inter-racial study

Kunjur, Jayanth; Sabesan, T.; Ilankovan, V.

doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2005.03.020

Cited by 109 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…3 Also, palpebral fissure inclination is a sexually dimorphic characteristic, with a steeper inclination in women than in men. 3,6,13,14 Previous investigations into the esthetic value of this measurement analyzed women only, but we found a similar effect in both genders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The larger number of attractive women depended on the larger number of female beauty competitions organized in Italy. In a different ethnic/sociocultural context, different kinds of attractive faces might be chosen, 6,8,12,14 even if the good agreement between the present data and literature reports makes the resulting patterns sufficiently trustworthy for white subjects. Overall, the soft tissue orbital region in Italian attractive men and women has been found to have specific characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Even if the human visual system possesses a better sensitivity than the current anthropometric method, 21 health professionals cannot rely only on perception; they need objective data for their diagnosis and treatment. 6,8,14 This good agreement may result from the use of three-dimensional, lively stimuli for the current rating procedures, which differ from the methods commonly used in psychological investigations, usually relying on two-dimensional records. 4,7,8,15,23 A second difference is that the assessment of attractive adult male faces has been mostly performed using two-dimensional measurements, and threedimensional analyses seem to have been performed only by Farkas 19 for North American white men, and in our laboratory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] For instance, a recent search in the PubMed database using the key word ''aesthetics'' produced 21,706 entries in the period 1950-2013; using ''aesthetics and face,'' a total of 3951 entries was obtained; and the combination ''aesthetics and (eye or orbital)'' produced 987 entries. 9 Sixty percent of these papers were published in the current century (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013), thus showing the increasing interest in facial esthetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,5,6,8,[12][13][14] According to the current theories of evolutionary psychology, the esthetic assessment of adult faces depends on various combinations of averageness, symmetry, neoteny (babyness) and youthfulness, and sexual dimorphism. [1][2][3][4]15 Studies on facial attractiveness focused both on the psychological bases of esthetic perception 1,3,16 and on actual measurements computed for faces ( faces) considered more or less attractive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of soft-tissue orbital morphometry in attractive and normal Italian subjects

Sforza

Dolci

Grandi

et al. 2015

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To identify esthetic characteristics of the orbital soft tissues of attractive Italian adult women and men. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional computerized digitizers were used to collect the coordinates of facial landmarks in 199 healthy, normal subjects aged 18 to 30 years (71 women, 128 men; mean age, 22 years) and in 126 coetaneous attractive subjects (92 women, 34 men; mean age, 20 years) selected during beauty competitions. From the landmarks, six linear distances, two ratios, six angles, and two areas were calculated. Attractive subjects were compared with normal ones by computing z-scores. Results: Intercanthal width was reduced while eye fissure lengths were increased in both genders. Orbital heights (os-or) were increased only in attractive women, with a significant gender-related difference. The inclinations of the eye fissure were increased in attractive subjects, while the inclinations of the orbit were reduced. For several of the analyzed measurements, similar patterns of z-scores were observed for attractive men and women (r 5 .883). Conclusion: Attractive women and men had several specific esthetic characteristics in their orbital soft tissues; esthetic reference values can be used to determine optimal goals in surgical treatment. (Angle Orthod. 2015;85:127-133.)

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