Anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and CH4 in an urban environment

Kuc, Tadeusz; Różański, Kazimierz; Zimnoch, Mirosław; Necki, Jaroslaw; Korus, A.

doi:10.1016/s0306-2619(03)00032-1

Cited by 57 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Another disadvantage is that not all of these trace gases are direct proxies for fossil fuel CO 2 release as some have totally independent, but co-located sources with the sources of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. This is in large contrast with the one tracer that is generally considered the "gold standard" for fossil fuel related CO 2 detection: radiocarbon dioxide or 14 CO 2 (Kuc et al, 2003;Levin et al, 2003Levin and Karstens, 2007;Levin and Rödenbeck, 2008;Turnbull et al, 2006;Djuricin et al, 2010;Miller et al, 2012), reported usually as 14 CO 2 (Stuiver and Polach, 1977;Mook and van der Plicht, 1999).…”

Section: Bozhinova Et Al: Modeling 14 Co 2 For Western Europementioning

confidence: 83%

Simulating the integrated summertime Δ14CO2 signature from anthropogenic emissions over Western Europe

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Radiocarbon dioxide ( 14 CO 2 , reported in 14 CO 2 ) can be used to determine the fossil fuel CO 2 addition to the atmosphere, since fossil fuel CO 2 no longer contains any 14 C. After the release of CO 2 at the source, atmospheric transport causes dilution of strong local signals into the background and detectable gradients of 14 CO 2 only remain in areas with high fossil fuel emissions. This fossil fuel signal can moreover be partially masked by the enriching effect that anthropogenic emissions of 14 CO 2 from the nuclear industry have on the atmospheric 14 CO 2 signature. In this paper, we investigate the regional gradients in 14 CO 2 over the European continent and quantify the effect of the emissions from nuclear industry. We simulate the emissions and transport of fossil fuel CO 2 and nuclear 14 CO 2 for Western Europe using the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF-Chem) for a period covering 6 summer months in 2008. We evaluate the expected CO 2 gradients and the resulting 14 CO 2 in simulated integrated air samples over this period, as well as in simulated plant samples.We find that the average gradients of fossil fuel CO 2 in the lower 1200 m of the atmosphere are close to 15 ppm at a 12 km × 12 km horizontal resolution. The nuclear influence on 14 CO 2 signatures varies considerably over the domain and for large areas in France and the UK it can range from 20 to more than 500 % of the influence of fossil fuel emissions. Our simulations suggest that the resulting gradients in 14 CO 2 are well captured in plant samples, but due to their time-varying uptake of CO 2 , their signature can be different with over 3 ‰ from the atmospheric samples in some regions. We conclude that the framework presented will be well-suited for the interpretation of actual air and plant 14 CO 2 samples.

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Section: Bozhinova Et Al: Modeling 14 Co 2 For Western Europementioning

confidence: 83%

Simulating the integrated summertime Δ14CO2 signature from anthropogenic emissions over Western Europe

et al. 2014

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“…According to data from CSIRO the common concentrations of CH 4 in urban areas have values between 1700-2500 ppb and are influenced by meteorological parameters and urban agglomeration. Kuc and co-workers (Kuc et al, 2003) show that, the CH 4 level in urban areas is comprised between the natural level (1650 ppb) and 4200 ppb. Ito and co-workers (Ito et al 2000) compared the atmospheric CH 4 concentrations recorded in Nagoya with the values measured at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii (USA) and estimated that the excess concentration of CH 4 in the urban atmosphere of Nagoya was 170 ppb in 1988 and 150 ppb in 1997.…”

Section: Trends Of Ch 4 Variation In Urban Areas a Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In a suburban area of Nagoya fossil, CH 4 contributed to less than 10% of local release and the calculated value of δ 13 C for non-fossil CH 4 was approximately −65‰, which is within the range of reported values of δ 13 C for CH 4 derived from bacterial CH 4 sources such as irrigated rice paddies". Kuc (Kuc et al 2003), measuring the CH 4 in Krakow found that "The linear regression of δ 13 C values of methane plotted versus reciprocal concentration yields the average δ 13 C signature of the local source of methane as being equal to −54.2‰. This value agrees very well with the measured isotope signature of natural gas being used in Krakow (−54.4±0.6‰) and points to leakages in the distribution network of this gas as the main anthropogenic source of CH 4 in the local atmosphere".…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Greenhouse Gases in Urban Areas-Case Study: CO2, CO and CH4 in Three Romanian Cities

Haiduc¹,

Beldean‐Galea²

2011

Air Quality-Models and Applications

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“…Multiple studies have examined either atmospheric CO 2 concentrations or CO 2 fluxes (e.g. Aikawa et al 1995, Takagi et al 1998, Idso et al 2001, Takahashi et al 2001, Grimmond et al 2002, Nemitz et al 2002, Kuc et al 2003, Pataki et al 2003, Moriwaki & Kanda 2004, Gratani & Varone 2005 in urban areas. In addition, at least 2 studies (Milesi et al 2003, Imhoff et al 2004) have estimated the impacts of urbanization on NPP.…”

Section: Research Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of urbanization on land-atmosphere carbon exchange within a metropolitan area in the USA

Diem¹,

Ricketts²,

Dean³

2006

Clim. Res.

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Urbanization can cause changes in carbon fluxes, which, in turn, impacts atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations and possibly global surface temperatures. Using the Atlanta, Georgia, region as a case study, this paper explores the impact of urban expansion from 1973 to 2002 on land -atmosphere carbon exchange. The major objectives were to estimate net ecosystem production (NEP) values for multiple land-cover classes and to link urbanization-induced changes in land-cover to changes in NEP and overall carbon fluxes. The principal data were daily climatic data, year-specific land-cover data, annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) values, and annual anthropogenic carbon emissions estimates. The principal methods were testing for climatic trends, determining the composition of the land-cover classes, estimating annual NEP values for the land-cover classes, and estimating the overall carbon exchange. The major findings: (1) there were no significant trends for any of the climatic variables; (2) the region was only ~16% urbanized in 1973; however, by 2002, the region was ~38% urbanized; (3) the NEP in 1978-1980 of 443 g C m -2 yr -1 may have continued until 1996-1998, despite the substantial loss of forest land; and (4) net carbon emissions increased from ~150 g in [1978][1979][1980] to ~940 g C m -2 yr -1 in 1996-1998. Therefore, urban expansion greatly increased the carbon emissions of the Atlanta region; however, it is possible that, through increasing the growing-season length as well as increasing nitrogen and CO 2 fertilization, urban expansion may not decrease the region-wide NEP.KEY WORDS: Net ecosystem production · NEP · Net ecosystem exchange · NEE · Urban emissions · Carbon · Carbon dioxide · CO 2 Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherClim Res 30: [201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213] 2006 concentrations is through changes in net ecosystem production (NEP). NEP can be defined as follows: NEP = GPP -(R a + R h )where GPP is gross primary production, R a is autotrophic respiration (i.e. respiration by vegetation) and R h is heterotrophic respiration (e.g. soil microbial respiration). NEP is measured using biometric methods (i.e. ecological-inventory technique; Barford et al. 2001, Curtis et al. 2002. NEP is similar to net primary production (NPP), with the major disparity being that R h is not used in the calculation of NPP (i.e. NPP = GPP -R a ). NEP is equivalent to net ecosystem exchange (NEE), with NEE having a negative value if NEP has a positive value. NEE is measured using the eddy-covariance method, which employs towermounted instruments to measure trace gas flux densities between the biosphere and the atmosphere (Baldocchi et al. 1996). The longitudinal dimensions of flux footprints for eddy-covariance towers range from 100 m to several km (Schmid 1994), thus flux values are applicable only at the local scale. Potential impacts of urbanization on NEPThere are multiple ways that urbanization can decrease NEP. The pr...

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Anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and CH4 in an urban environment

Cited by 57 publications

References 7 publications

Simulating the integrated summertime Δ<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> signature from anthropogenic emissions over Western Europe

Simulating the integrated summertime Δ<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> signature from anthropogenic emissions over Western Europe

Variation of Greenhouse Gases in Urban Areas-Case Study: CO2, CO and CH4 in Three Romanian Cities

Impacts of urbanization on land-atmosphere carbon exchange within a metropolitan area in the USA

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Anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and CH4 in an urban environment

Cited by 57 publications

References 7 publications

Simulating the integrated summertime Δ&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; signature from anthropogenic emissions over Western Europe

Simulating the integrated summertime Δ&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; signature from anthropogenic emissions over Western Europe

Variation of Greenhouse Gases in Urban Areas-Case Study: CO2, CO and CH4 in Three Romanian Cities

Impacts of urbanization on land-atmosphere carbon exchange within a metropolitan area in the USA

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Simulating the integrated summertime Δ<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> signature from anthropogenic emissions over Western Europe

Simulating the integrated summertime Δ<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> signature from anthropogenic emissions over Western Europe