Variation of Greenhouse Gases in Urban Areas-Case Study: CO2, CO and CH4 in Three Romanian Cities

Haiduc, I.; Beldean‐Galea, Mihail Simion

doi:10.5772/17985

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Within the context of air quality monitoring in Europe, reports of the National Environmental Protection Agency (owner of the National Air Quality automatic Monitoring Network) are focused only on compliances with the European Union regulations counting exceedances of the limit values. The very few addressed topics regarding air pollution using some monitoring data in few cities are presented in references [30][31][32][33][34][35]. Most extensive review image of the air pollution problem in Bucharest metropolitan area was published in 2015 by Iorga et al [16,36].…”

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Air Pollution Monitoring: A Case Study from Romania

Iorga¹

2016

Air Quality - Measurement and Modeling

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The first section of this chapter provides an up-to-date general view of air pollution/air quality topic. It indicates main pollutants and their sources and impacts and presents and discusses current air quality standards and air quality indexes worldwide; how datasets are acquired, gathered and analyzed and how the measurements are then interpreted are also presented. Recent works containing updated and detailed technical discussions for each issue addressed and additional web resources are mentioned. The great importance of air pollution monitoring is emphasized. Second, in the international context of incomplete information on air pollution in East Europe, the chapter includes a section presenting an assessment of air pollution at some sites in Romania together with its evolution from the beginning of the monitoring up to present. Availability of PM 10 , PM 2.5, NO x , SO 2 and CO concentrations is site and pollutant dependent and varies from 3 to 9 years. Investigation of temporal and spatial variation of pollutant levels, as well as of PM 10 and PM 2.5 relationships with the measured gaseous air pollutants and with meteorological variables, includes correlation and linear regression analysis and temporal-trend analysis; coefficient of divergence was calculated to check up on the air pollution inter-sites' differences and pollutant seasonal variation intra-site.Keywords: air pollution, air quality standards, air quality index, particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, temporal trends, East Europe An introduction to air pollution monitoringThe challenge of modern society to take air pollution abatement measures based on scientific knowledge has encouraged the scientists to study the atmospheric composition changes, the short-and long-term pollutant effects and impacts and to simulate air pollution scenarios all over the world. The advances achieved in the field of air pollution during the past decades are © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.due to numerous detailed investigations, the application of a large number of techniques and the acquisition of abundant monitoring data.First, the aim of this chapter is to provide an up-to-date general view of air pollution/air quality topic. Second, in the international context of incomplete information on air pollution in East Europe, the chapter includes a section presenting an updated image of air pollution at some sites in Romania together with its evolution from the beginning of the monitoring up to present.The substances that accumulate in atmosphere in such a concentration and for enough long time that they may harm the living organisms or produce damage to building materials are called pollutants. World Health Organization gives us the following definition of air pollution: "Air pollution is contamina...

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Air Pollution Monitoring: A Case Study from Romania

Iorga¹

2016

Air Quality - Measurement and Modeling

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“…35 As concentrações de CO 2 foram maiores no inverno, comportamento já observado em outros trabalhos, para os quais foi reportado que os níveis de CO 2 foram maiores no final do outono e durante o inverno, coincidindo com o final do ciclo biológico das plantas e a diminuição da atividade fotossintética. 39 As concentrações de CH 4 foram, também, maiores no inverno na maioria dos casos, comportamento oposto ao observado em outros locais do mundo. 39 As emissões urbanas de CH 4 podem estar relacionadas à decomposição anaeróbica de matéria orgânica, evaporação do chorume de resíduos sólidos, áreas de despejo, canais e rios.…”

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“…39 As concentrações de CH 4 foram, também, maiores no inverno na maioria dos casos, comportamento oposto ao observado em outros locais do mundo. 39 As emissões urbanas de CH 4 podem estar relacionadas à decomposição anaeróbica de matéria orgânica, evaporação do chorume de resíduos sólidos, áreas de despejo, canais e rios. Porém, a pequena variação térmica observada entre as duas campanhas (1 a 4 ºC) não é provavelmente suficiente para ocasionar uma mudança significativa nesse processo.…”

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“…Porém, a pequena variação térmica observada entre as duas campanhas (1 a 4 ºC) não é provavelmente suficiente para ocasionar uma mudança significativa nesse processo. As emissões relacionadas ao trânsito veicular e ao uso de gás comprimido veicular foram provavelmente menores no verão, 39 já que a campanha coincidiu com o período de férias escolares, onde normalmente são encontrados níveis menores de poluentes relacionados ao transporte. 24 No caso do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro e da Avenida Paulista, os valores foram ligeiramente maiores no verão.…”

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Determination of Greenhouse Gases in Five Capitals in Different Brazilian Biomes

Júnior¹,

Silva²,

Bueno³

et al. 2017

Rev. Virtual Quim.

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Abstract:In a world in constant change, the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG), the processes leading to CO 2 capture and the mitigation of GHG concentrations to control global warming, are relevant. In this study, the concentrations of CO 2 , CH 4 e N 2 O were determined in five capitals located in the three main Brazilian biomes: Curitiba, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in Mata Atlântica, Brasília in Cerrado and Belém in Amazônia. The sampling and chemical analysis was performed using a low-cost analytical method developed by some of the authors of this study. The CO 2 , CH 4 e N 2 O concentrations were in the intervals 391-542 ppmv, 1,74-2,31 ppmv e 263-342 ppbv, respectively. The determined values are in good agreement with values reported for other urban areas around the world and do not present an important difference for samples collected, in the same city, for vegetated and no-vegetated areas, which is probably due to the rapid transport of air masses and the global effect of green areas as carbon quenchers. Nevertheless, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, CO 2 concentrations were clearly lower than in the other cities, suggesting the importance of compacted forested areas, mainly secondary forest and re-forested areas, in the process of carbon capture.Keywords: Carbon dioxide; carbon capture; atmospheric emissions; urban pollution; green areas; global warming. ResumoEm um mundo em constante transformação, as concentrações crescentes de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) e os processos que podem levar ao sequestro de CO 2 e à mitigação das concentrações destes gases para conter o aquecimento global são relevantes. Neste trabalho foram determinadas as concentrações de CO 2 , CH 4 e N 2 O em cinco capitais brasileiras, pertencentes aos três principais biomas brasileiros: Curitiba, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro na Mata Atlântica, Brasília no Cerrado e Belém na Amazônia. As coletas e análises químicas foram realizadas utilizando um método de análise de baixo custo recentemente desenvolvido por alguns dos autores deste estudo. As concentrações de CO 2 , CH 4 e N 2 O se encontram nos intervalos 391-542 ppmv, 1,74-2,31 ppmv e 263-342 ppbv, respectivamente. Os valores encontrados neste trabalho são consistentes com os reportados para outras áreas urbanas no mundo e não apresentaram diferenças importantes dentro de uma mesma cidade, ao se comparar a área verde com a área livre de cobertura vegetal, devido provavelmente à rápida mistura das massas de ar e o efeito global das áreas verdes como sumidouro de carbono. Contudo, para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro as concentrações de CO 2 foram claramente menores, tanto no inverno quanto no verão, que nas outras cidades, sugerindo a importância das áreas compactas de florestas, especialmente de floresta secundária e outras áreas de reflorestamento recente, no processo de sequestro de carbono.Palavras-chave: Dióxido de carbono; sequestro de carbono; emissões atmosféricas; poluição urbana; áreas verdes; aquecimento global.

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“…Higher-resolution inventories require using a combination of techniques to extrapolate emissions from buildings and road networks (Gurney et al, 2012). A number of studies have utilized measured data from stationary tower sites and satellite-based instruments to assess both variability in the magnitude of emissions over time and space and also in combination with stable isotopic data to partition total emissions into component source parts (Pataki et al, 2003;Riley et al, 2008;Wunch et al, 2009;NRC, 2010;Haiduc and Beldean-Galea, 2011;Turnbull et al, 2011;Kort et al, 2012;Briber et al, 2013;Kort et al, 2013;Lietzke and Vogt, 2013;Newman et al, 2013;Schneising et al, 2013), while others have used a combination of tower-based measurement data and atmospheric transport models to estimate emissions (Strong et al, 2011;Brondfield et al, 2012;McKain et al, 2012;Brioude et al, 2013;Lauvaux et al, 2013;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and application of a mobile ground-based observatory for continuous measurements of atmospheric trace gas and criteria pollutant species

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Ground-based measurements of atmospheric trace gas species and criteria pollutants are essential for understanding emissions dynamics across space and time. Gas composition in the lower 50 m of the atmosphere has the greatest direct impacts on human health as well as ecosystem processes; hence data at this level are necessary for addressing carbon-cycle-and public-health-related questions. However, such surface data are generally associated with stationary measurement towers, where spatial representation is limited due to the high cost of establishing and maintaining an extensive network of measurement stations. We describe here a compact mobile laboratory equipped to provide highprecision, high-frequency, continuous, on-road synchronous measurements of CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , H 2 O, NO x , O 3 , aerosol, meteorological, and geospatial position data. The mobile laboratory has been deployed across the western USA. In addition to describing the vehicle and its capacity, we present data that illustrate the use of the laboratory as a powerful tool for investigating the spatial structure of urban trace gas emissions and criteria pollutants at spatial scales ranging from single streets to whole ecosystem and regional scales. We assess the magnitude of known point sources of CH 4 and also identify fugitive urban CH 4 emissions. We illustrate how such a mobile laboratory can be used to better understand emissions dynamics and quantify emissions ratios associated with trace gas emissions from wildfire incidents. Lastly, we discuss additional mobile laboratory applications in health and urban metabolism.

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Variation of Greenhouse Gases in Urban Areas-Case Study: CO2, CO and CH4 in Three Romanian Cities

Cited by 9 publications

References 71 publications

Air Pollution Monitoring: A Case Study from Romania

Air Pollution Monitoring: A Case Study from Romania

Determination of Greenhouse Gases in Five Capitals in Different Brazilian Biomes

Design and application of a mobile ground-based observatory for continuous measurements of atmospheric trace gas and criteria pollutant species

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