Anthropogenic and natural sources of ambient noise in the ocean

Hildebrand, John A.

doi:10.3354/meps08353

Cited by 833 publications

(635 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…It is also generated by a variety of man-made sources, such as ships and sonars. 2,3 This background sound in the ocean is called ambient noise. 4,5 Underwater ambient noise has been an important area of study in underwater acoustics and acoustical oceanography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the dynamics of ocean ambient noise: Two decades later

Siddagangaiah

Guo

et al. 2015

Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science

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Two decades ago, it was shown that ambient noise exhibits low dimensional chaotic behavior. Recent new techniques in nonlinear science can effectively detect the underlying dynamics in noisy time series. In this paper, the presence of low dimensional deterministic dynamics in ambient noise is investigated using diverse nonlinear techniques, including correlation dimension, Lyapunov exponent, nonlinear prediction, and entropy based methods. The consistent interpretation of different methods demonstrates that ambient noise can be best modeled as nonlinear stochastic dynamics, thus rejecting the hypothesis of low dimensional chaotic behavior. The ambient noise data utilized in this study are of duration 60 s measured at South China Sea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the dynamics of ocean ambient noise: Two decades later

Siddagangaiah

Guo

et al. 2015

Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science

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“…However, our knowledge about ambient noise, the sound field against which signals must be detected, is still incomplete. Given that ambient noise has been increasing over the decades mainly due to shipping, and by as much as 12 dB in some areas (Hildebrand, 2009), ambient noise is now considered a major component of the total noise received by individuals.…”

Section: Priority Mammal Biology Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Grand Challenges in Researching Marine Noise Pollution from Vessels: A Horizon Scan for 2017

et al. 2017

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Chronic anthropogenic underwater noise, such as vessel noise, is now recognized as a world-wide problem. Marine noise from vessels, ranging from super tankers to small motorboats is increasingly recognized as being both a persistent and pervasive pollutant. Furthermore, due to its spatial and temporal variability, vessel noise pollution represents a particular challenge for marine conservation, management, and planning. This paper presents the outputs of a horizon scanning exercise that brought together a group of 40 individuals from across Canada, including: researchers, policy makers, NGOs and other end-users who work in the field of marine acoustics. The goal was to identify priority information needs, related to marine vessel acoustics, to inform new research and address policy needs. Via an iterative Delphi style process, participants identified 10 priority research questions related to marine vessel acoustic science; for example, How important is it to identify and maintain acoustic refugia? What attributes of marine vessels are the most effective indicators of marine noise? The questions were then further considered in terms of extent of current knowledge, time scale by which they can be achieved, the financial resources required and the importance of answering the question. Subsequently, the authors conducted a search of the peer-reviewed literature to situate the challenges highlighted by the horizon scanning exercise within the broader global research. Results show that investigating the attributes of marine vessels that are the most effective indicators of marine noise is a viable research question to tackle first. In addition, underpinning many of these questions is the need of long-term data collection and monitoring of both vessel traffic and marine mammal populations.

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“…Therefore, it is a challenging task to detect and distinguish the weak acoustic signal in complex ocean ambient noise. It has been reported that, in the past five decades, the artificial low frequency shipping noise radiation has increased by 10-15 dB [5][6][7]. This has negative implications for mammalian marine wild life [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Complexity-Based Approach for the Detection of Weak Signals in Ocean Ambient Noise

Siddagangaiah

Guo

et al. 2016

Entropy

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Abstract:There are numerous studies showing that there is a constant increase in the ocean ambient noise level and the ever-growing demand for developing algorithms for detecting weak signals in ambient noise. In this study, we utilize dynamical and statistical complexity to detect the presence of weak ship noise embedded in ambient noise. The ambient noise and ship noise were recorded in the South China Sea. The multiscale entropy (MSE) method and the complexity-entropy causality plane (C-H plane) were used to quantify the dynamical and statistical complexity of the measured time series, respectively. We generated signals with varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by varying the amplification of a ship signal. The simulation results indicate that the complexity is sensitive to change in the information in the ambient noise and the change in SNR, a finding that enables the detection of weak ship signals in strong background ambient noise. The simulation results also illustrate that complexity is better than the traditional spectrogram method, particularly effective for detecting low SNR signals in ambient noise. In addition, complexity-based MSE and C-H plane methods are simple, robust and do not assume any underlying dynamics in time series. Hence, complexity should be used in practical situations.

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Anthropogenic and natural sources of ambient noise in the ocean

Cited by 833 publications

References 58 publications

On the dynamics of ocean ambient noise: Two decades later

On the dynamics of ocean ambient noise: Two decades later

The Grand Challenges in Researching Marine Noise Pollution from Vessels: A Horizon Scan for 2017

A Complexity-Based Approach for the Detection of Weak Signals in Ocean Ambient Noise

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