Anthropogenic and climatic factors enhancing hypolimnetic anoxia in a temperate mountain lake

España, Javier Sánchez; Mata, Pilar; Salamanca, Juana Vegas; Morellón, Mario; Rodríguez, Juan Antonio Leos; Salazar, Ángel; Yusta, Iñaki; Chaos, Aida; Pérez‐Martínez, Carmen; Izquierdo, Ana Navas

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.10.049

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion that results in hypoxia (dissolved oxygen < 2 mg L −1 ; Diaz and Rosenberg, 2008) and anoxia (dissolved oxygen < 1 mg L −1 ; Nürnberg, 1995b) is a product of interacting external drivers (e.g., climate, land use practices in the catchment) that control mass fluxes (Jenny et al, 2016b), morphometric characteristics, and productivity that influences vertical transport and water column stability (Meding and Jackson, 2003). Unprecedented changes to the climate and catchment land use are likely to have nonlinear consequences on aquatic water bodies and will potentially intensify hypolimnetic anoxia (Jenny et al, 2014(Jenny et al, , 2016aSánchez-España et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake thermal structure drives interannual variability in summer anoxia dynamics in a eutrophic lake over 37 years

Ladwig

Hanson

Dugan

et al. 2021

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The concentration of oxygen is fundamental to lake water quality and ecosystem functioning through its control over habitat availability for organisms, redox reactions, and recycling of organic material. In many eutrophic lakes, oxygen depletion in the bottom layer (hypolimnion) occurs annually during summer stratification. The temporal and spatial extent of summer hypolimnetic anoxia is determined by interactions between the lake and its external drivers (e.g., catchment characteristics, nutrient loads, meteorology) as well as internal feedback mechanisms (e.g., organic matter recycling, phytoplankton blooms). How these drivers interact to control the evolution of lake anoxia over decadal timescales will determine, in part, the future lake water quality. In this study, we used a vertical one-dimensional hydrodynamic–ecological model (GLM-AED2) coupled with a calibrated hydrological catchment model (PIHM-Lake) to simulate the thermal and water quality dynamics of the eutrophic Lake Mendota (USA) over a 37 year period. The calibration and validation of the lake model consisted of a global sensitivity evaluation as well as the application of an optimization algorithm to improve the fit between observed and simulated data. We calculated stability indices (Schmidt stability, Birgean work, stored internal heat), identified spring mixing and summer stratification periods, and quantified the energy required for stratification and mixing. To qualify which external and internal factors were most important in driving the interannual variation in summer anoxia, we applied a random-forest classifier and multiple linear regressions to modeled ecosystem variables (e.g., stratification onset and offset, ice duration, gross primary production). Lake Mendota exhibited prolonged hypolimnetic anoxia each summer, lasting between 50–60 d. The summer heat budget, the timing of thermal stratification, and the gross primary production in the epilimnion prior to summer stratification were the most important predictors of the spatial and temporal extent of summer anoxia periods in Lake Mendota. Interannual variability in anoxia was largely driven by physical factors: earlier onset of thermal stratification in combination with a higher vertical stability strongly affected the duration and spatial extent of summer anoxia. A measured step change upward in summer anoxia in 2010 was unexplained by the GLM-AED2 model. Although the cause remains unknown, possible factors include invasion by the predacious zooplankton Bythotrephes longimanus. As the heat budget depended primarily on external meteorological conditions, the spatial and temporal extent of summer anoxia in Lake Mendota is likely to increase in the near future as a result of projected climate change in the region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake thermal structure drives interannual variability in summer anoxia dynamics in a eutrophic lake over 37 years

Ladwig

Hanson

Dugan

et al. 2021

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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show abstract

“…Oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion that results in hypoxia (dissolved oxygen < 2 mg L -1 ; Diaz and Rosenberg, 2008) and anoxia (dissolved oxygen < 1 mg L -1 ; Nürnberg, 1995b) is a product of interacting external drivers (e.g., climate, land use practices in the catchment) that control mass fluxes (Jenny et al, 2016b), morphometric characteristics, and productivity that influences vertical transport and water column stability (Meding and Jackson, 2003). Unprecedented changes to the climate and catchment land use are likely to have nonlinear consequences on aquatic water bodies and will potentially intensify hypolimnetic anoxia (Jenny et al, 2014(Jenny et al, , 2016aSánchez-España et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake thermal structure drives inter-annual variability in summer anoxia dynamics in a eutrophic lake over 37 years

Ladwig¹,

Hanson²,

Dugan³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The concentration of oxygen is fundamental to lake water quality and ecosystem functioning through its control over habitat availability for organisms, redox reactions, and recycling of organic material. In many eutrophic lakes, oxygen depletion in the bottom layer (hypolimnion) occurs annually during summer stratification. The temporal and spatial extent of summer hypolimnetic anoxia is determined by interactions between the lake and its external drivers (e.g., catchment characteristics/nutrient loads, meteorology), as well as internal feedback mechanisms (e.g., organic matter recycling, phytoplankton blooms). How these drivers interact to control the evolution of lake anoxia over decadal time scales will determine, in part, the future lake water quality. In this study, we used a vertical one-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecological model (GLM-AED2) coupled with a calibrated hydrological catchment model (PIHM-Lake) to simulate the thermal and water quality dynamics of the eutrophic Lake Mendota (USA) over a 37-year period. The calibration and validation of the lake model consisted of a global sensitivity evaluation as well as the application of an evolutionary optimization algorithm to improve the fit between observed and simulated data. By quantifying stability indices (Schmidt Stability, Birgean Work, stored internal heat), we identified spring mixing and summer stratification periods, and quantified the energy required for stratification and mixing. To qualify which external and internal factors were most important in driving the inter-annual variation in summer anoxia, we applied a random-forest classifier and multiple linear regression to modeled ecosystem variables (e.g., stratification onset and offset, ice duration, gross primary production.) Lake Mendota exhibited prolonged hypolimnetic anoxia each summer, lasting between 50–60 days. The summer heat budget, as well as the timing of thermal stratification, were the most important predictors of the spatial and temporal extent of summer anoxia periods in Lake Mendota. An earlier onset of thermal stratification in combination with a higher vertical stability strongly affected the duration and spatial extent of summer anoxia. As the heat budget depended primarily on external meteorological conditions, the spatial and temporal extent of summer anoxia in Lake Mendota is likely to increase in the near future as a result of projected climate change in the region.

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“…We argue that anoxic age can be used across aquatic ecosystems to predict critical consequences of anoxia. Anoxic age can be tuned to specific DOthreshold of interest (table S7) to analyze the effects of anoxia on organisms (Elshout et al 2013), greenhouse gases (Bastviken et al 2002;Richardson et al 2009) and toxic substances (Achá et al 2018;Jorgensen et al 1979;Sánchez-España et al 2017). As lake-specific production rates can be modelled using anoxic age from limited observations, these production rates will provide valuable information to study drivers and trends of anaerobic metabolism and aid in assessing aquatic ecosystems health under global change.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anoxic age as a new tool to predict biogeochemical consequences of oxygen depletion in lakes

LaBrie

Hupfer

Lau

2022

Preprint

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Lake deoxygenation is of growing concern because it threatens ecosystem services delivery. Complete deoxygenation, anoxia, is projected to prolong and expand in lakes, promoting the production or release of nutrients, greenhouse gases and metals from water column and the sediments. Accumulation of these compounds cannot be easily predicted thus hindering our capacity to forecast the ecological consequences of global changes on aquatic ecosystems. Here, we used lakes Arendsee and Mendota monitoring data to develop a novel metric, anoxic age, characterizing lake hypolimnetic anoxia. Anoxic age explained, as a single predictor, 44% to 58% of the variation for ammonium, soluble reactive phosphorus and a dissolved organic matter fluorophore. Anoxic age could be modelled using only two oxygen profiles and lake bathymetry, making it an easily applicable tool to interpret and extrapolate biogeochemical data. This novel metric thus has the potential to transform widely available oxygen profiles into an ecologically meaningful variable.

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Anthropogenic and climatic factors enhancing hypolimnetic anoxia in a temperate mountain lake

Cited by 20 publications

References 51 publications

Lake thermal structure drives interannual variability in summer anoxia dynamics in a eutrophic lake over 37 years

Lake thermal structure drives interannual variability in summer anoxia dynamics in a eutrophic lake over 37 years

Lake thermal structure drives inter-annual variability in summer anoxia dynamics in a eutrophic lake over 37 years

Anoxic age as a new tool to predict biogeochemical consequences of oxygen depletion in lakes

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