Anthrax toxin receptor 2 promotes human uterine smooth muscle cell viability, migration and contractility

Vink, Joy; Charles-Horvath, Pelisa Cheryll; Kitajewski, Jan; Reeves, Claire

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.09.030

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Instead, zebrafish Antxr2a, a CMG2 ortholog, was shown to be involved in positioning the mitotic spindle in a process that involves the small GTPase RhoA and its downstream effector mDia 71 . Consistent with a putative role of CMG2 in actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, CMG2 knockdown led to decreased migration in human uterine smooth muscle cells while its overexpression led to increased migration 45 .…”

Section: Converging Physiological Functions Of Anthrax Toxin Receptorssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Strikingly, they observed that whereas female mice lacking CMG2 have hypertrophic uteri and parturition defects (seen previously 41, 44 ), mice deficient for both CMG2 and ColVI were able to deliver pups normally 39 . Furthermore, this study did not implicate matrix metalloprotease inhibition as a mechanism for extracellular ColVI accumulation, as was proposed in earlier studies 41, 43, 45 . Thus, it appears to be the inability of CMG2 to control the abundance of ColVI in the extracellular space that leads to the formation of nodules in patients with HFS.…”

Section: Converging Physiological Functions Of Anthrax Toxin Receptorscontrasting

confidence: 44%

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Converging physiological roles of the anthrax toxin receptors

Sergeeva

Goot

2019

F1000Res

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The anthrax toxin receptors—capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) and tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8)—were identified almost 20 years ago, although few studies have moved beyond their roles as receptors for the anthrax toxins to address their physiological functions. In the last few years, insight into their endogenous roles has come from two rare diseases: hyaline fibromatosis syndrome, caused by mutations in CMG2, and growth retardation, alopecia, pseudo-anodontia, and optic atrophy (GAPO) syndrome, caused by loss-of-function mutations in TEM8. Although CMG2 and TEM8 are highly homologous at the protein level, the difference in disease symptoms points to variations in the physiological roles of the two anthrax receptors. Here, we focus on the similarities between these receptors in their ability to regulate extracellular matrix homeostasis, angiogenesis, cell migration, and skin elasticity. In this way, we shed light on how mutations in these two related proteins cause such seemingly different diseases and we highlight the existing knowledge gaps that could form the focus of future studies.

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Section: Converging Physiological Functions Of Anthrax Toxin Receptorssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Converging Physiological Functions Of Anthrax Toxin Receptorscontrasting

confidence: 44%

Converging physiological roles of the anthrax toxin receptors

Sergeeva

Goot

2019

F1000Res

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“…Conversely, two of the markers identified as being upregulated in the peripheral blood of AIS patients in this study, KIF1B and ANTXR2 , may be mechanistically involved in the innate immune response to ischaemic insult. It is well established that stroke induces robust recruitment of myeloid-derived innate immune populations such as neutrophils and monocytes from the peripheral blood into the brain parenchyma; 39 , 40 both genes encode proteins that have been shown to have a role in cellular adhesion and migration, 41–44 and thus may be mechanistically involved in this process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine-learning approach identifies a pattern of gene expression in peripheral blood that can accurately detect ischaemic stroke

et al. 2016

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Early and accurate diagnosis of stroke improves the probability of positive outcome. The objective of this study was to identify a pattern of gene expression in peripheral blood that could potentially be optimised to expedite the diagnosis of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). A discovery cohort was recruited consisting of 39 AIS patients and 24 neurologically asymptomatic controls. Peripheral blood was sampled at emergency department admission, and genome-wide expression profiling was performed via microarray. A machine-learning technique known as genetic algorithm k-nearest neighbours (GA/kNN) was then used to identify a pattern of gene expression that could optimally discriminate between groups. This pattern of expression was then assessed via qRT-PCR in an independent validation cohort, where it was evaluated for its ability to discriminate between an additional 39 AIS patients and 30 neurologically asymptomatic controls, as well as 20 acute stroke mimics. GA/kNN identified 10 genes (ANTXR2, STK3, PDK4, CD163, MAL, GRAP, ID3, CTSZ, KIF1B and PLXDC2) whose coordinate pattern of expression was able to identify 98.4% of discovery cohort subjects correctly (97.4% sensitive, 100% specific). In the validation cohort, the expression levels of the same 10 genes were able to identify 95.6% of subjects correctly when comparing AIS patients to asymptomatic controls (92.3% sensitive, 100% specific), and 94.9% of subjects correctly when comparing AIS patients with stroke mimics (97.4% sensitive, 90.0% specific). The transcriptional pattern identified in this study shows strong diagnostic potential, and warrants further evaluation to determine its true clinical efficacy.

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