Anthraquinones production, hydrogen peroxide level and antioxidant vitamins in Morinda elliptica cell suspension cultures from intermediary and production medium strategies

Abstract

The effects of medium strategies [maintenance (M), intermediary (G), and production (P) medium] on cell growth, anthraquinone (AQ) production, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant vitamins in Morinda elliptica cell suspension cultures were investigated. These were compared with third-stage leaf and 1-month-old callus culture. With P medium strategy, cell growth at 49 g l(-1), intracellular AQ content at 42 mg g(-1) DW, and H2O2 level at 9 micromol g(-1) FW medium were the highest as compared to the others. However, the extent of lipid peroxidation at 40.4 nmol g(-1) FW and total carotenoids at 13.3 mg g(-1) FW for cultures in P medium were comparable to that in the leaf, which had registered sevenfold lower AQ and 2.2-fold lower H2O2 levels. Vitamin C content at 30-120 microg g(-1) FW in all culture systems was almost half the leaf content. On the other hand, vitamin E content was around 400-500 microg g(-1) FW in 7-day-old cultures from all medium strategies and reduced to 50-150 microg g(-1) FW on day 14 and 21; as compared to 60 microg g(-1) FW in callus and 200 microg g(-1) FW in the leaf. This study suggests that medium strategies and cell growth phase in cell culture could influence the competition between primary and secondary metabolism, oxidative stresses and antioxidative measures. When compared with the leaf metabolism, these activities are dynamic depending on the types and availability of antioxidants.

Anthraquinones from in vitro root culture of Morinda royoc L.

“…2b) reaching a maximum at 60 days (0.94 lg ml -1 of culture medium), but the level was a mere 0.12% of the total intracellular AQ content. Such a non-significant release is in agreement with reports of suspension cultures of Morinda elliptica (Chong et al 2004). After 75 days root mass drastically increased, while both intracellular and extracellular contents decreased (Fig.…”

Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid combined to 6-Benzylaminopurine on callus induction, total phenolic and ascorbic acid production, and antioxidant activities in leaf tissue cultures of Crataegus azarolus L. var. aronia

“…In this concern, the production of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol in leaf tissues and callus cultures of Centella asiatica was studied by Norhayati et al (2011) and they found that the amount of these two vitamins was significantly higher in the leaf-derived calli grown in MS medium containing 2.0 mg/1 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/1 KΓN compared to the leaf tissues. However, other reports showed higher production of vitamin C and vitamin E in leaves than in callus and cell suspension cultures of Morinda elliptica, (Chong et al 2004). Furthermore, the findings of Nag et al In the last part of this study, the antioxidant activities of different extracts were measured using DPPH and ABTS methods and the results found confirmed those obtained in total phenols and ascorbic acid determination.…”

Enhanced anthraquinones production from adsorbent-treated Morinda elliptica cell suspension cultures in production medium strategy

“…The active transport mechanism may adjust intracellular and extracellular metabolite levels in response to the cellular conditions [7]. When the metabolites are accumulated to toxic levels, cell growth may be inhibited as observed in Morinda elliptica [9,10] and Cinchona ledgeriana cell cultures [21]. Furthermore, the products may be rapidly degraded enzymatically by peroxidases, or non-enzymatically in the extracellular broth [18,19].…”

“…The yellowish or almost reddish natural compounds, anthraquinones (AQs), extracted from M. elliptica, have shown antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic, antileukemic, antitumor-promoting and antioxidant activities [3,14]. The development of maintenance (M), intermediary (G) and production medium (P) strategies for M. elliptica and Centella asiatica cell cultures have been reported [1,2,9]. We have proposed an intermediary medium rather than a growth medium (where cells are grown to a maximum) or a conditioned medium (where cells are pre-conditioned or acclimatized with the spent medium) to introduce the concept of a transition period between maintenance (M) and production (P) medium.…”