Anthelmintic Efficacy Of <i>Nauclea latifolia</i> Extract Against Gastrointestinal Nematodes Of Sheep:<i>In vitro</i> And <i>In vivo</i> Studies

Abstract

Direct effects of Nauclea latifolia extracts on different gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep is described. In vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to determine possible anthelmintic effect of leaf extracts of Nauclea latifolia toward different ovine gastro intestinal nematodes. A larval development assay was used to investigate in vitro, the effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of N. latifolia towards strongyles larvae. The development and survival of infective larvae (L 3 ) was assessed and best-fit LC 50 values were computed by global model of non-linear regression analysis curve-fitting (95% CI). Twenty sheep harbouring naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes were treated with oral administration of ethanolic extracts at a dose rate of 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500mg/kg to evaluate therapeutic efficacy, in vivo.The presence of the extracts in the cultures decreased the survival of larvae. The LC 50 of aqueous and ethanolic extract were 0.704 and 0.650 mg/ml respectively and differ significantly (P<0.05, paired t test). Faecal egg counts (FEC) on day 12 after treatment showed that the extract is effective, relative to control (1-way ANOVA, Dunnett's multiple comparison test), at 500mg/kg against Haemonchus spp, Trichostrongylus spp (p<0.05), Strongyloides spp (P < 0.01); at 250mg/kg against Trichuris spp (P < 0.01) and ineffective against Oesophagostomum spp (p>0.05). The effect of doses is extremely significant; the day after treatment is sometimes significant while interaction between dose and day after treatment is insignificant (2-way ANOVA). N. latifolia extract could therefore find application in the control of helminth in livestock, by the ethnoveterinary medicine approach.

Anthelmintic evaluation of Cucurbita pepo againstgastrointestinal nematodes of sheep

“…The results of this study are in accordance with findings obtained with methanolic extract of A. peniculata and D. metal (Kamaraj et al, 2011); aqueous extract of Caryocar brasiliense Camb and aqueous extract of Annona muricata (Ferreira et al 2013) spp., Leucaena glauca and Acacia farnesiana at 0.8 mg/ml were reported to demonstrate larvicidal activity by Larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA) (Bendixsen et al 2005). Larval development was not inhibited by both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. pepo which was comparable with the results recorded by Ademola et al (2007) when aqueous and ethanolic extracts of N. latifolia were used.…”

Ethnoveterinary medicine for responsible dairying

“…EVM has been used for management of most common diseases like mastitis (Nair and Punniamurthy, 2017), parasitic infestations (Sanhokwe et al 2016), liver fluke (Jeyathilakan et al 2012), gastrointestinal nematode (Ademola et al 2006), ecto-parasite (Nyahangare et al 2015), ticks (Nimbalkar et al 2020), wound healing (Marume et al 2017), respiratory disease (Ayrle et al 2016), reproductive disorders (Dey et al 2020) and fungal infections (Dikhoba et al 2019).…”

Ethnoveterinary perspectives and promising future

“…In vivo studies are more applicable and reliable than in vitro studies, although large-scale screening of plant extracts is more expensive. The in vivo methods normally have parasitized hosts being treated with known doses of extracts compared with untreated controls and standard anthelmintic drug [83] .…”