Anthelmintic activity of the stem bark extracts of Berlina grandiflora and one of its active principles, Betulinic acid

Enwerem, Nkechi; Okogun, Joseph I.; Wambebe, Charles; Okorie, Dominic A.; Akah, Peter A.

doi:10.1078/0944-7113-00023

Cited by 64 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Watt and Brayer (1962) first reported anthelmintic effects of saponins. Further, other workers have reported anthelmintic effects of saponins (Enwerem et al, 2001;Bishnu and Zeev, 2005). It is thus most likely that saponins in the plants may have contributed to their observed in vitro anthelmintic effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phytochemical analyses of naturally available plants and control anthelmintic trials along with contemporary knowledge of parasite control strategies may offer new opportunities for effective and economical control of parasitic diseases. Saponins and tannins present in medicinal plants have been reported to exhibit anthelmintic activity (Enwerem et al, 2001;Bishnu and Zeev, 2005;Watt and Brayer, 1962). The present study assessed the in vitro anthelmintic activity of herbal remedies used by farmers in Kirinyaga county to treat their cattle against helminthes infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of herbal anthelmintics used by the farmers in Kirinyaga county, Kenya, for the treatment of helminthiosis in cattle

Njonge¹

2013

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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The aim of this study was to assess and validate the herbal anthelmintic remedies used by farmers in Kirinyaga county, Kenya for the treatment of their cattle against gastrointestinal nematodes. The herbs used were identified via questionnaire surveys through focused group discussions. The aqueous extracts of plants used: Aspillia pluriseta, Vernonia lasiopus, Entada leptostachya and Erythrina abyssinica were prepared and using dosage between 10 and 30%, the viability of infective strongyle larvae were assessed for a period of 48 h. The results of the in vitro antihelmintic study indicated a high to moderate anthelmintic activity for the tested extracts. E. leptostachya exhibited the highest in vitro anthelmintic activity, while E. abyssinica had the lowest activity. The anthelmintic activity may have been due to the presence of saponins in the herbal remedies. There was a positive correlation between the saponin concentration and the anthelmintic activity of the extracts. In general, the in vitro anthelmintic activity increased with the extract concentration for the medicinal plants examined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of herbal anthelmintics used by the farmers in Kirinyaga county, Kenya, for the treatment of helminthiosis in cattle

Njonge¹

2013

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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“…Enwerem et al 32 reported that adulticidal activity of terpenoids in Berlina grandiflora against Caenorhabditis elegans Iqbal et al .33 reported that the adulticidal activity of Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and Ficus religiosa against H. contortus which was attributed to the presence of potent phytochemicals in the plants. Tannins are polyphenolic compounds which caused mortality of adult amphistomes, probably by its interaction with glycoprotein and cause functional disintegration of this layer.…”

Section: Structurally Similar Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthelmintic Activity of Fruit Extract and Fractions of Piper longum L. In vitro

Koorse¹,

Samraj²,

John³

et al. 2018

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The present study was aimed to assess the in vitro ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal activity of methanolic extract and its fractions from fruits of Piper longum against strongyle ova, larvae and adult amphistomes respectively. The fruits of P. longum was identified and the accession number 006 was obtained. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, diterpenes and triterpenes in extract and fractions of P. longum. The extract and fractions were diluted serially in 6.25 per cent tween 80 to obtain concentrations of 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.63, 7.81, 3.91 and 1.95 mg/mL. Ivermectin and thiabendazole at 10 µg/mL acted as positive controls and 6.25 per cent tween 80 as negative control. The methanolic extract was highly active against ova with IC 50 of 0.026 mg/mL. The n-hexane fraction was potent in inducing larval mortality with IC 50 of 1.383 mg/mL while chloroform fraction inhibited larval migration with IC 50 of 1.796 mg/mL. Amphistomes were highly sensitive for methanolic extract of P. longum which possessed IC 50 of 5.493 mg/mL Based on IC 50 values, the methanolic extract was found to be most potent while chloroform fraction was effective against ova, larvae and also adults. GCMS analysis of potent methanolic extract revealed the presence of piperidinone, hydrocinnamic acid, ethylhexahydro azepine, methyleugenol, hexadecanoic acid and caryophyllene oxide which may have contributed for the anthelmintic activity. The acute oral toxicity study revealed mild vascular changes in liver. From the present study, it can be concluded that chloroform fraction of P. longum possessed maximum broad spectrum anthelmintic activity comparable to controls.

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“…Betulinic acid is one of the compounds isolated from C. dentata leaves (Shai 2007). Betulinic acid is active against Caenorhabditis elegans, a free-living nematode, at a concentration of 500 μg/mℓ after 7 days of incubation (Enwerem et al 2001). The dichloromethane and acetone extracts of C. dentata leaves, containing high concentrations of betulinic acid, were selected for investigation of their anthelmintic activity against the parasitic nematodes T. colubriformis and H. contortus, and the free-living C. elegans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scientific evidence of the efficacy and safety to support widespread use of plant-based remedies as anthelmintics is still scanty (Hammond et al 1997). Extracts of several African plant species are active against parasitic and free-living nematodes (Hammond et al 1997;Enwerem, Okogun, Wambebe, Okorie & Akah 2001;Bizimenyera, Githiori, Eloff & Swan 2006). Extracts of Artemisia sp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Curtisia dentata</i> (Cornaceae) leaf extracts and isolated compounds inhibit motility of parasitic and free-living nematodes

Shai¹,

Bizimenyera²,

Bagla³

et al. 2009

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis are among the most important parasitic nematodes of small ruminants. Caenorhabditis elegans, a free-living nematode, is used as a model for evaluating anthelmintic activity of a variety of test substances. Extracts of several medicinal plants are useful in vitro and in vivo against nematode development. Extracts of Curtisia dentata, a South African medicinal plant, and compounds isolated from leaves of this plant were investigated for anthelmintic activity against T. colubriformis, H. contortus and C. elegans. The acetone and dichloromethane extracts were active against all nematodes at concentrations as low as 160 μg/mℓ. Betulinic acid and lupeol were active against the parasitic nematodes only at the high concentrations of 1 000 and 200 μg/mℓ, respectively. All compounds were effective against C. elegans with active concentrations as low as 8 μg/mℓ. Betulinic acid was less active than lupeol and ursolic acid against C. elegans. The acetone and dichloromethane extracts were also active against C. elegans with a concentration of 0.31 mg/mℓ resulting in almost 80 % inhibition of larval motility. The use of free-living nematodes may provide information on the activity of potential anthelmintics against parasitic nematodes. Extracts of various medicinal plant species may provide solutions to ill-health of small ruminants caused by parasitic nematodes in poor communities of southern Africa.

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Anthelmintic activity of the stem bark extracts of Berlina grandiflora and one of its active principles, Betulinic acid

Cited by 64 publications

References 12 publications

Assessment of herbal anthelmintics used by the farmers in Kirinyaga county, Kenya, for the treatment of helminthiosis in cattle

Assessment of herbal anthelmintics used by the farmers in Kirinyaga county, Kenya, for the treatment of helminthiosis in cattle

Anthelmintic Activity of Fruit Extract and Fractions of Piper longum L. In vitro

<i>Curtisia dentata</i> (Cornaceae) leaf extracts and isolated compounds inhibit motility of parasitic and free-living nematodes

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