Anteroposterior Drawer Measurements in the Knee Using an Instrumented Test Device

Stressradiography of the knee

“…Determining the anatomic zero position as compartmental femorotibial alignment in the unstressed position explains the fact that, with the patient supine, a physiologic posterior joint play occurs at the starting position before clinical evaluation. Edixhoven et al (1989) reported a 3.5 mm posterior starting position in a posterior cruciate ligament deficient knee population. This posterior starting position can be determined clinically by measuring the tuberosity position or depth with a ruler before assessing posterior cruciate ligament disruption or insufficiency.…”

“…Our definition of the anatomic zero position is supported by Rauschning's (1979) cryosectional anatomy slices in the sagittal plane ( Figure 5). However, the anatomic zero position differs from the starting reference position used at clinical evaluation (Gurtler et al 1990, Miiller et al 1988, Torg et al 1976, at instrumented clinical testing (Edixhoven et al 1989, Markolf et al 1978, and at arthrometric measurement (Daniel et al 1985, Daniel andStone 1990) because the weight force of the leg and the anteriorly superimposed weight of the instrumented testing device alter the starting reference position in the posterior sense (patient supine, thigh supported, quadriceps relaxed).…”

“…To evaluate clinically anterior knee motion in anterior-cruciate-ligament deficiency, Torg et al (1976) introduced the Lachman test-the anterior drawer sign with the knee tested at 15 degrees of flexion. Following the introduction of the Lachman test, arthrometric devices have been advocated by several authors (Markolf et al 1978, Daniel et al 1985, Edixhoven 1986, Edixhoven et al 1987, Shino et al 1987, Edixhoven et al 1989. To document clinical anterior-posterior drawer testing under anesthesia, a stressradiographic measurement technique was introduced by Staubli et al (1983).…”

“…The higher the induced forces, the larger the resultant displacements. Due to the viscoelastic properties of the involved structures ), a hysteresis curve results when a complete anteriorposterior motion cycle is applied and released (Edixhoven et al 1989). …”

Comparision of dynamic and static balance in adolescents handball and soccer players

“…They determined that there is no difference between two groups on their "one leg" balance test (45). A certain tendency to better balance in the nonpreferred leg was observed, some authors did not demonstrated differences between dominant and nondominant extremities in athletes (2,16,31). It is stated that none of the tests performed revealed statistically significant differences in balance ability between the preferred and the nonpreferred leg (22).…”