Antenna‐in‐Package Measurements

Integrated-Antenna Over-the-Air Testing for Millimeter-Wave Applications: An Overview of Systems and Uncertainty [Measurements Corner]

“…Meanwhile, in the radiating NF region, the radiating NF amplitudes fall off as / . r 1 2 The angular field distribution is dependent on the distance, and the wave shows a strong deviation from plane waves. In this region, by precisely measuring the magnitude and the phase of the electromagnetic field, the obtained measurement results can be transformed afterward into an FF pattern.…”

“…The short wavelengths associated with mm-wave bands lead to a smaller antenna size, which is integrated with the RF transceiver system in a compact module [1]. The antenna connectors are not accessible, which makes the conventional conducted performance test methods not applicable [2]. Therefore, the performance evaluation of 5G-andbeyond mm-wave devices requires a different approach by using OTA testing methods [3].…”

A Review of Antenna Array Technologies for Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint Wireless Communications at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

“…Another challenge in the design process at mm-waves is the characterization and testing of integrated antenna systems which, at such small wavelengths, are more sensitive to misalignment errors, temperature, and mechanical vibrations that, in turn, can result in additional losses, as well as amplitude and phase errors. More information on mm-wave antenna characterization can be found in [9], where a detailed analysis of measurement uncertainties at mm-wave frequencies is provided.…”