Abstract-To assess the feasibility of ambient RF energy scavenging, a survey of expected power density levels distant from GSM-900 and GSM-1800 base stations has been conducted and power density measurements have been performed in a WLAN environment. It appears that for distances ranging from 25m to 100m from a GSM base station, power density levels ranging from 0.1mW/m 2 to 3.0mW/m 2 may be expected. First measurements in a WLAN environment indicate even lower power density values, making GSM and WLAN unlikely to produce enough ambient RF energy for wirelessly powering miniature sensors. A single GSM telephone however has proven to deliver enough energy for wirelessly powering small applications on moderate distances.
Abstract-A novel wideband substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna topology, consisting of coupled half-mode and quarter-mode SIW resonant cavities, is proposed for operation in the 60 GHz band. This innovative topology combines a considerable bandwidth enhancement and a low form factor with compatibility with low-cost PCB manufacturing processes, making it excellently suited for next generation, high data rate wireless applications. Moreover, exploiting SIW technology, a high antenna-platform isolation is obtained, enabling dense integration with active electronics without harmful coupling. The computer-aided design process yields an antenna that covers the entire [57-64] GHz IEEE 802.11ad band with a measured fractional impedance bandwidth of 11.7% (7 GHz). The measured maximum gain and radiation efficiency of the prototype are larger than 5.1 dBi and 65%, respectively, within the entire impedance bandwidth.Index Terms-Coupled resonators, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna, half-mode SIW (HMSIW), quartermode SIW (QMSIW), bandwidth enhancement, wideband, 60 GHz. I. INTRODUCTIONn recent years, an increasing demand for broadband multimedia applications has appeared, which forces the capacity of wireless networks to increase continuously. 5G mobile communication is an excellent example of this trend, as extremely high data rates need to be offered to the end user. To this end, novel wideband antenna topologies need to be developed, exhibiting a limited footprint while being implemented through cost-efficient manufacturing, as required for integration into user equipment, such as handsets.As the spectrum up to 6 GHz is becoming ever more crowded, the [57-64] GHz IEEE 802.11ad band is the ideal candidate to meet the requirements of 5G mobile communication systems, both in terms of bandwidth and number of interconnected devices. This globally available and T. Deckmyn, D. Vande Ginste and H. Rogier are with the Department of Information Technology, IDLab, Ghent University -imec, Technologiepark 15, 9052 Ghent, dries.vande.ginste@intec.ugent.be; hendrik.rogier@intec.ugent.be).S. Agneessens is with the Department of Information Technology, IDLab, Ghent University -imec, 9052 Ghent, Belgium, and also with the Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University, Technologiepark 15, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. He is currently an FWO unlicensed band offers 7 GHz of frequency spectrum for wideband communication. The high atmospheric attenuation, caused by the absorption peak of oxygen atoms, makes the conditions ideal for short range, low interference, and highly secure communication between many devices sharing the same spectrum [1]- [2].Nowadays, a breakthrough of the very promising Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is apparent in the millimeter wave research field [3]. Recent trends and applications include antennas, filters and couplers for RF frontends [4], beam steering [5] and MIMO systems [6]. The heightened interest in SIW technology for millimeter wave applications can be att...
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Within the framework of the development of a wearable communications system for a sportsman, a textile antenna has been realised. The required antenna needed to be low profile, washable, insensitive to the proximity of the human skin and relatively insensitive to deformation. To overcome the human operator coupling effects on the antenna input impedance, i.e. a shift in resonance frequency and an increase of return loss level, a practical approach has been chosen. This approach consists of designing an antenna in free space, well matched over a wide frequency band. Because of the requirements and design methodology, chosen was for a (Log Periodic) Folded Dipole Array ((LP)FDA) antenna. Design equations for the antenna are discussed, measurement results of prototype antennas are shown and additional measures to tune the input impedance of the antenna are discussed.
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