Antenna gain and link budget for waves carrying orbital angular momentum

Nguyen, Duy Kevin; Pascal, Olivier; Sokoloff, J. B.; Chabory, Alexandre; Palacin, Baptiste; Capet, Nicolas

doi:10.1002/2015rs005772

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…tends to straight lines of slope −20jlj dB/decade. It is consistent with an attenuation of 1 D 2jlj , which has already been proved in [21,22]. Consequently, it would be concluded that for the wave with OAM mode of l propagating in free space, one should observe the approximately linear jlj-scaling of the wave divergence in the far-field.…”

Section: Mathematical Model and Propagation Characteristics Of A Circsupporting

confidence: 84%

Generation and propagation characteristics of electromagnetic vortices in radio frequency

Zheng¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Photon. Res.

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Electromagnetic vortices, which describe the orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying waves with a helical phase front, have recently attracted much interest in a radio frequency domain due to their potential applications in many diverse areas. In an OAM-based scenario, the antenna for OAM mode multiplexing/demultiplexing plays an essential role in controlling the overall system performance. In this paper, we demonstrated theoretically and experimentally an easily realized OAM antenna based on the traveling-wave circular loop structure for efficiently multiplexing/demultiplexing multiple OAM modes; in addition, its general propagation characteristics including the polarization, divergence, and radiation pattern are mathematically analyzed. Schemes for antenna size reduction and various radiation pattern manipulations have also been discussed to realize a more flexible and compact system.

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Section: Mathematical Model and Propagation Characteristics Of A Circsupporting

confidence: 84%

Generation and propagation characteristics of electromagnetic vortices in radio frequency

Zheng¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

Photon. Res.

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show abstract

“…This number is identical to the one given by formula (26) (19) which also provides an a-posteriori check of (16). Of course, all these considerations go against the pretension [2], [9], [11] of arbitrarily enlarging the channel capacity.…”

Section: Va the Forward Problem: Singular Values And Singular Functimentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Concerning the value of R, we limited the analysis to distances not much larger than the Fraunhofer value RF=8a1 2 /λ. This choice has been induced by the circumstance that the OAM antennas' performance in terms of ratio between received and transmitted powers decays as R -2(|ℓ|+1) {see (20) in [16], and also [7], [8], [10], [12]}. For each combination of ℓ, a1=a2, Nℓ, and R, in order to evaluate the energy necessary to generate a particular vortex order, the achieved PAP value has been compared with that pertaining to the zero-order field (let us say PAP0).…”

Section: Va the Forward Problem: Singular Values And Singular Functimentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital Angular Momentum Antennas: Understanding Actual Possibilities Through the Aperture Antennas Theory

Morabito

Donato

Isernia

2018

IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.

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We propose a simple method based on the Aperture Antennas Theory to understand in a simple fashion limitations of OAM antennas in far-field links. Additional insight is also given by analyzing the properties of the operators relating source and farfield distributions for a given order of the vortex. The outcomes fully agree with the results recently achieved by Edfors, Craeye, and co-authors, and emphasize some additional draw-back. The 'degrees of freedom' of the fields associated to the different orders of the vortices are also discussed. Index Terms-Antenna theory, Orbital Angular Momentum. I. A PREMISEAmongst the novel techniques developed for utilizing the radio spectrum with maximum efficiency, great attention has been recently devoted to Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) antennas [1]- [20]. Such systems have been in some cases proposed as means to improve almost "indefinitely" the channel capacity in a link amongst two antennas [2].Roughly speaking, the idea is to take profit from the fact that an antenna could simultaneously generate different fields each one associated to a different amount of 'orbital momentum', i.e., to a different angular variation of the phase around the target direction (such as e jϕ , e 2jϕ , and so on, ϕ denoting the azimuth angle in the observation domain). Then, by associating a different information to each of these patterns, one could realize an "OAM multiplexing" [17] and eventually enlarge "at will" the channel capacity [2]. Saying it in other words, it is like using different modes of a channel, where the modes are associated to a free space link rather than to a guiding structure.A large interest has been devoted to such a topic, including spectacular public demonstrations for mass media (e.g., Piazza San Marco, Venice, Italy, June 24 th 2011 [2]) as well as contributions on top scientific journals, e.g., [3]-[6].Since then, doubts [7] and objections [8],[10] have begun to appear, emphasizing some expected limitations.In the attempt to contribute to such a debate, in the following we propose a very simple yet instructive point of view on the subject. In particular, we focus on the actual possibility to get such a multiplication of channels [2] in the far-field zone, which is the usual framework for antenna links. In this respect, we will focus on the case of aperture antennas. Notably, this assumption does not impair the general validity of the following discussion. In fact, any antenna can be regarded as an aperture antenna by a proper choice of the aperture plane [21]. Also, the arguments below could be rephrased in terms of multipole expansions as well as in terms of the appropriate radiation integrals. Then, additional insight is also given by an analysis of the operators relating source and field behaviors for a given order of the vortex. The outcomes confirm limitations indicated in [7],[8], and emphasize some further draw-backs of the proposed multiplexing scheme.The paper is organized as follows. In Sections II and III, respectively, we review some properties of the H...

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“…In other words, at the same location, the received power of signals carrying different OAM mode number will be different, which makes it more difficult to multiplex beams of different OAM modes. Thus, the above disadvantages existing in OAM antenna have severely restricted its practical application in wireless communication systems [19], [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Plane Spiral Orbital Angular Momentum Waves by Microstrip Yagi Antenna Array

et al. 2020

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Compared with the orbital angular momentum (OAM) wave whose 3D radiation pattern is a central-hollowed cone, the plane spiral orbital angular momentum (PSOAM) wave propagates along the transverse direction, which is far more convenient for practical applications. In this paper, traditional microstrip Yagi antennas are formed into a uniform circular array (UCA) to radiate PSOAM electromagnetic waves, which has the outstanding advantage of a flat structure. Firstly, the fundamentals of generating PSOAM by microstrip Yagi antenna array is introduced. Secondly, a circular microstrip Yagi PSOAM antenna array fed by a self-designed Wilkinson feeding network is designed, fabricated and measured. Eight microstrip Yagi antenna elements and its feeding network are printed on the upper and lower substrate, respectively. The profile of the proposed antenna is only 0.16 0 λ , lower than other PSOAM antennas, which is convenient for integration with wireless communication systems. Both simulation and measurement results depict that it is capable of generating PSOAM with mode number l=3 on 3.43GHz. From 3.15GHZ to 3.65GHZ, the vortex electromagnetic wave of l=3 can be observed. The proposed microstrip Yagi antenna based on UCA provides a new way for the research of practical PSOAM antennas, has broad prospect in the future of the reconfigurable field.

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Antenna gain and link budget for waves carrying orbital angular momentum

Cited by 56 publications

References 26 publications

Generation and propagation characteristics of electromagnetic vortices in radio frequency

Generation and propagation characteristics of electromagnetic vortices in radio frequency

Orbital Angular Momentum Antennas: Understanding Actual Possibilities Through the Aperture Antennas Theory

Generation of Plane Spiral Orbital Angular Momentum Waves by Microstrip Yagi Antenna Array

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