Fear of missing out (FOMO) is an emerging topic in consumer psychology. However, the theoretical foundations of FOMO are underdeveloped and extant FOMO scales confine the construct to the context of social media. Without a theoretical foundation and a new FOMO scale, the future development of research on this promising phenomenon is limited. This article provides a new conceptualization of FOMO and a new FOMO scale. Using self‐concept theory, the authors propose that FOMO is an emotional response to perceived psychological threats to one's self‐concept. Because the self‐concept involves a private and a public self, FOMO involves two dimensions: a personal FOMO and a social FOMO. Accordingly, a new scale was developed. The results of four studies support the validity and reliability of the two‐dimensional scale. This new conceptualization and scale will enable consumer researchers to examine FOMO in a broader set of contexts, test the relationship between FOMO and related constructs, and develop a nomological network around the construct.

Wireless communication using electromagnetic wave carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has attracted increasing interest in recent years, and its potential to increase channel capacity has been explored widely. In this paper, we compare the technique of using uniform linear array consist of circular traveling-wave OAM antennas for multiplexing with the conventional multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) communication method, and numerical results show that the OAM based MIMO system can increase channel capacity while communication distance is long enough. An equivalent model is proposed to illustrate that the OAM multiplexing system is equivalent to a conventional MIMO system with a larger element spacing, which means OAM waves could decrease the spatial correlation of MIMO channel. In addition, the effects of some system parameters, such as OAM state interval and element spacing, on the capacity advantage of OAM based MIMO are also investigated. Our results reveal that OAM waves are complementary with MIMO method. OAM waves multiplexing is suitable for long-distance line-of-sight (LoS) communications or communications in open area where the multi-path effect is weak and can be used in massive MIMO systems as well.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection facilitates the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is found in more than 30% human cancers. Here, we revealed a novel mechanism underlying the regulation of hepatoma cell proliferation mediated by HCV. On one hand, hepatoma cell proliferation is facilitated by HCV infection through a positive feedback regulatory cycle. HCV promotes hepatoma cell proliferation by activating the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, which in turn facilitates HCV replication to further enhance hepatoma cell proliferation. On the other hand, hepatoma cell proliferation is attenuated by the bromodomain containing 7 (BRD7), a tumor suppressor, through a negative feedback regulatory mechanism. After activation, the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway stimulates BRD7 production, which in turn represses the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, leading to the attenuation of hepatoma cell proliferation. However, HCV persistent infection attenuates BRD7 gene expression and facilitates the protein degradation to release the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling, which results in the facilitation of hepatoma cell proliferation. Therefore, we proposed that the balance between BRD7 function and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK activity is important for determining the outcomes of HCV infection and HCC development.

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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of promising photocatalysts for conversing light energy into chemical energy. Based on the tunable building blocks, COFs can be well‐designed as photocatalyst for mediating reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Herein, 1,3,6,8‐tetrakis(4‐formylphenyl)pyrene (TFPPy) and 2,2″‐bipyridine‐5,5″‐diamine (Bpy) are chosen to construct imine‐based TFPPy‐Bpy‐COFs for catalyzing RAFT polymerization of methacrylates under white light irradiation. The well‐defined polymers with precise molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution are obtained. The switch on/off light experiments suggest excellent temporal control toward RAFT polymerization system and the chain‐extension reaction indicates high chain‐end fidelity of macro‐initiators. Mechanism study clarifies that the electron transfer between excited state of TFPPy‐Bpy‐COFs and RAFT agent can form living radicals to mediate polymerization. This methodology provides a novel platform for reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization using COFs as heterogeneous catalysts.

The incoherent orbital angular momentum (OAM) radio waves can be used to transmit different information on the same frequency and have a great potential in wireless communication system. However, it needs a large aperture size to receive and demultiplex the orthogonal OAM waves due to the amplitude null in the beam centre and the beam divergence. An improved receiving scheme named partial aperture sampling receiving (PASR) is proposed to solve this problem. The theoretical analysis of PASR is first presented and simulations of OAM radio communication link are carried on to evaluate the performance of PASR. The effects of some non‐ideal receiver conditions, e.g. radial deviation and angular deviation on the PASR scheme and the superiority of PASR are explored. These simulated results will give a helpful guide on the manipulation of practical OAM‐based wireless communication systems.