“…Through continuous in-depth research, we believe that more molecular mechanisms underlying the chloroplast’s involvement in plant heat resistance will be elucidated, and more ways of improving the heat tolerance of plants through chloroplasts or chloroplast proteins will be discovered. Current research shows that increasing the abundance of proteins such as HSPs, TRXL1, SNAT, and GPAT in chloroplasts improves the heat tolerance of plants without causing significant defects in plant growth or development [ 58 , 71 , 73 , 76 ]. Future studies should also explore the detailed mechanism and the contributions of these or more genes to crop heat resistance, strive to find natural or induced mutants of these genes in crops, and find good heat-resistant materials for crop breeding.…”