Antagonistic Pleiotropy, Reversal of Dominance, and Genetic Polymorphism

Curtsinger, James W.; Service, Philip M.; Prout, Timothy

doi:10.1086/285671

Cited by 182 publications

(256 citation statements)

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“…(Rose 1982) may be involved in the maintenance of the polymorphism at locus LDH-B in R. lessonae. However, theoretical models suggest that the conditions for this are very restrictive (Curtsinger et al 1994). …”

Section: Lack Of Significant Genotype-environment Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors contributing to the maintenance of the genetic polymorphism at the locus LDH-B in the pool frog,Rana lessonae

Schmidt¹,

Hotz²,

Anholt³

et al. 1998

Can. J. Zool.

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Abstract:We tested for environmental factors that may lead to balancing selection and to the maintenance of a genetic polymorphism at the enzyme locus lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B) in the pool frog, Rana lessonae. We raised tadpoles individually in a factorial experiment in which we manipulated temperature, food level, and food quality. The only statistically significant difference among LDH-B genotypes was in growth rate, with the heterozygote performing best. Although the difference was not significant, heterozygotes also tended to perform best for size at metamorphosis. However, heterozygotes did not perform best in terms of other traits (age at metamorphosis and rates of survival and metamorphosis), where differences among LDH-B genotypes were also not significant. The size of the effect of LDH-B genotype depended on the environment, which suggests that the locus may be selectively neutral in some environments. There were no genotype-environment interactions in the sense that reaction norms along environmental gradients did not cross. When we raised tadpoles in groups, e/e homozygotes had a significantly higher body mass and developed at the significantly highest rate. In addition, there may be a trade-off between larval and adult performance: adult frogs show a different ranking in performance of LDH-B genotypes than tadpoles do. These results suggest that this genetic polymorphism is maintained through heterozygote advantage, possibly in conjunction with antagonistic pleiotropy.Résumé : Nous avons tenté de déterminer quels facteurs écologiques peuvent contribuer à une sélection d'équilibre et au maintien du polymorphisme génétique au locus lactate dyshydrogénase B (LDH-B) chez la grenouille Rana lessonae. Nous avons élevé des têtards individuellement au cours d'une expérience de type factoriel où la température, la quantité de nourriture et la qualité de la nourriture étaient prédéterminées. Le taux de croissance s'est avéré la seule variable à différer significativement d'un génotype LDH-B à l'autre et ce sont les hétérozygotes qui avaient la meilleure performance. De même, ce sont les hétérozygotes qui avaient la taille la plus élevée à la métamorphose, mais la différence avec les autres génotypes n'était pas significative. Cependant, les hétérozygotes n'étaient pas favorisés quant aux autres variables (âge à la métamorphose, survie, taux de métamorphose) puisque les différences entre les divers génotypes LDH-B n'étaient pas significatives. L'importance de l'influence du génotype dépend de l'environnement, ce qui semble indiquer que le locus peut n'avoir aucun effet sélectif en certains milieux. Il n'y a pas d'interactions génotype-environnement dans la mesure où les normes de réaction le long de gradients environnementaux ne s'entrecroisent pas. Au cours d'expériences d'élevage en groupe, les têtards homozygotes se sont avérés avoir une masse significativement plus élevée et se sont développés à un rythme significativement plus rapide. De plus, il se peut qu'il y ait un compromis entre les performance...

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Section: Lack Of Significant Genotype-environment Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors contributing to the maintenance of the genetic polymorphism at the locus LDH-B in the pool frog,Rana lessonae

Schmidt¹,

Hotz²,

Anholt³

et al. 1998

Can. J. Zool.

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“…In this paper, some of the findings of Curtsinger et al (1994) are re-examined and extended and the maintenance of polymorphism via antagonistic pleiotropy is compared with that from other mechanisms of maintenance. In particular, the potential influence of finite population size, sex-dependent selection and partial inbreeding on the maintenance of polymorphism will be examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonistic pleiotropy and genetic polymorphism: a perspective

Hedrick

1999

Heredity

103

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Antagonistic pleiotropy, in which reproduction and viability counter each other, appears to be widely thought of great significance in life history theory and the evolution of senescence. However, the conditions for maintenance of polymorphism by antagonistic pleiotropy are quite restrictive. This is particularly so when there is no reversal of dominance for different traits, sex-limited expression of fitness components, finite population size or inbreeding. Furthermore, when antagonistic pleiotropy is compared with other mechanisms of balancing selection, it appears to have more restrictive conditions for the maintenance of polymorphism. Although these theoretical findings do not preclude the presence of loci that exhibit antagonistic pleiotropy, because it appears so unlikely that antagonistic pleiotropy is an important factor maintaining polymorphism, empirical evidence suggesting antagonistic pleiotropy as the factor maintaining polymorphism should be carefully scrutinized.

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“…For antagonistic pleiotropy to preserve significant amounts of genetic variation the ratio of dominance to additive variance in simple models must exceed 0.5 (Curtsinger et al 1994). Empirical studies have shown that these levels do not appear to be generally found in morphological traits (Mousseau and Roff 1987;Crnokrak and Roff 1995), but are common in life-history traits (see Roff 1997, table 9.14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second reason for their importance in life-history theory is that under the appropriate conditions antagonistic pleiotropy can play a significant role in the maintenance of genetic variation (Curtsinger et al 1994). Thus, trade-offs are potentially important because they determine, at least in part, the direction and rate of evolutionary change.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, fecundity typically increases with body size (Roff 1992(Roff , 2000 and therefore, with respect to this relationship alone, selection will favor an increased body size: Changes in body size may be opposed by other factors such as increased development time (Roff 1992). Both additive and nonadditive genetic variation are relevant in the direction of evolutionary change, the additive genetic variance and covariances modulating the evolutionary trajectory (Lande 1979;Via and Lande 1985;Arnold 1992), whereas the nonadditive genetic component, in the form of dominance variance, is a necessary requirement for antagonistic pleiotropy to maintain additive genetic variation (Curtsinger et al 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Evolution of Trade-Offs: Effects of Inbreeding on Fecundity Relationships in the Cricket Gryllus Firmus

Roff

DeRose

2001

Evolution

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Abstract. The evolution of traits is modulated by their interrelationships with each other, particularly when those relationships result in a fitness trade-off. In this paper we explore the consequences of genetic architecture on functional relationships between traits. Specifically, we address the consequences of inbreeding on these relationships. We show that the linear regression between two traits will not be affected if there is no dominance genetic variance in either trait, whereas the intercept but not the slope of the regression will change if there is dominance genetic variance in one trait only. We test the latter hypothesis using fecundity relationships in the cricket Gryllus firmus. Data from pedigree analysis and an inbreeding experiment show that there is significant dominance genetic variance in fecundity, but not head width (an index of body size) or dorsal longitudinal muscle (DLM) mass. Fecundity increases with head width, but decreases with DLM mass. As predicted, the intercepts of the regressions of fecundity on these two morphological traits decrease with inbreeding, but there is little or no change in slope. Gryllus firmus is wing dimorphic, with the macropterous (LW) morph having a lower fecundity than the micropterous (SW) morph. We hypothesize that the difference in fecundity arises primarily because of a competition for resources in the LW females between DLM maintenance (i.e., mass) and egg production. As a consequence, we predict that the fecundity within each morph should decline linearly with the inbreeding coefficient at the same rate in both morphs. The result of this will be a change in the relative fitness of the two morphs, that of the SW morph increasing with inbreeding. This prediction is supported. These results indicate that trade-offs will evolve and such changes will affect evolutionary trajectories by altering the pattern of relationships among fitness components.

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Antagonistic Pleiotropy, Reversal of Dominance, and Genetic Polymorphism

Cited by 182 publications

References 36 publications

Factors contributing to the maintenance of the genetic polymorphism at the locus LDH-B in the pool frog,Rana lessonae

Factors contributing to the maintenance of the genetic polymorphism at the locus LDH-B in the pool frog,Rana lessonae

Antagonistic pleiotropy and genetic polymorphism: a perspective

The Evolution of Trade-Offs: Effects of Inbreeding on Fecundity Relationships in the Cricket Gryllus Firmus

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