Antagonistic Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus cereus against Ganoderma Disease of Oil Palm via Dip, Place and Drench (DPD) Artificial Inoculation Technique

Abstract

Sustainability of the oil palm industry is crucial to ensure Malaysia's gross domestic product (GDP) by the agricultural sector. It is crucial to discover a sustainable and eco-friendly remedy for the most devastating Ganoderma disease of oil palm. The effects of pre-inoculation of oil palm seedlings with either Trichoderma harzianum and/or Bacillus cereus on their vegetative growth and the suppression of Ganoderma boninense were investigated. The dip, place and drench (DPD) artificial inoculation method was used to assure disease development. Disease severity was assessed based on the root symptoms (DS), disease incidence (DI) and disease reduction (DR). Application of a mixture of T. harzianum and B. cereus had the highest contribution to the vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings. However, single application of B. cereus was found to be the most effective treatment in suppressing Ganoderma disease of oil palm with a disease reduction of 94.75% followed by single applications of T. harzianum (78.98%) and mixture of both T. harzianum and B. cereus (68.49%).

Championing Sustainable Treatment of Oil Palm Basal Stem Rot Disease via Biological Control Agents

“…This could reflect the diversity of environment (O'Brien, 2017) and complexity of interaction between microbes in the soil. Hence, it is crucial to evaluate the suppression of BCA towards the pathogen not only in vitro but also in vivo (Nusaibah et al, 2017). Various genera of BCA will be discussed in this article.…”

“…In Malaysia, the most common Trichoderma spp. proven to be antagonist towards G. boninense are Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens (Naher et al, 2012;Sundram, 2013;Nusaibah et al, 2017;Angel et al, 2018;Ho et al, 2018;Musa et al, 2018). A study conducted by Naher et al (2015) determined the antagonistic and growth performance of T. harzianum T32 strain against G. boninense on different types of media namely potato dextrose agar (PDA), potato sucrose agar (PSA) and malt extract agar (MEA).…”

“…Bacillus spp. have been proven to have disease suppression on G. boninense over the years (Susanto et al, 2005;Suryanto et al, 2012;Nusaibah et al, 2017). A novel fengycin (antifungal cyclic lipopeptides) produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus HC51 was detected and exhibited strong inhibition on growth of G. boninense (Pramudito et al, 2018).…”

Biocontrol and Plant-Growth-Promoting Traits of Talaromyces apiculatus and Clonostachys rosea Consortium against Ganoderma Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm

“…and bacteria or Penicillium spp. and bacteria—has been conducted under controlled conditions and showed the potential of reducing Ganoderma disease infection and improving oil-palm growth [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

HERBICIDE EFFECTS ON Ganoderma boninense INFECTION IN OIL PALM SEEDLINGS

“…Cultural practices such as surgery, soil mounding, sanitation by removing and destroying infected old palm stumps, root masses and ploughing along the new planting row at the replanting area have been applied to manage BSR. Thorough studies have been conducted on managing the disease with chemical fungicides such as hexaconazole (Idris et al, 2004a) and biological control agents such as endophytic microorganisms (Sapak et al, 2008), Trichoderma (Mohd and Faridah, 2008;Nusaibah et al, 2017) and mycorrhizal fungi (Sundram et al, 2015). The research findings showed the potential of these approaches in delaying the disease and prolonging the economic lifespan of the infected oil palms.…”