Antagonistic action of siderophores from Rhodotorula glutinis upon the postharvest pathogen Penicillium expansum

Metschnikowia Strains Isolated from Botrytized Grapes Antagonize Fungal and Bacterial Growth by Iron Depletion

“…Siderophores (low-molecular-weight, ferric ion-specific chelating agents) that deplete the iron in the environment by transporting it into the cells of the siderophore-excreting microorganisms can inhibit the growth of other microbes that do not have similar mechanisms (6,23,24,33). The ferrisiderophore complexes are water soluble, which makes them accessible to the specific membrane receptor and transport systems that mediate their transport into the cell (for a review, see reference 51).…”

“…Antagonistic yeasts have received particular attention, as their activity usually does not depend on the production of antibiotics or other toxic secondary metabolites. For example, strains of Candida, Cryptococcus, Debaromyces, Metschnikowia, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, and Trichosporon all have been reported to inhibit postharvest decay of fruit due to their antifungal effects (6,18,36,38,40,44,50,52). The modes of action proposed for the inhibition process include competition for space and nutrients, parasitism, direct interaction with the pathogen, production of cell wall lytic enzymes, and induced resistance in the host tissue (for a review, see reference 47).…”

Effect of temperature on the morphological characteristics of Botrytis cinerea and its correlated with the genetic variability

“…The firmness was measured in apples ten at random, three times on different sides in each apple. Fruits were wounded (3 mm×3 mm×3 mm) with a punch on two opposite sides of each fruit, and inoculated with 20 µL of each conidial suspension (10 6 conidia per mL) and 20 µL of water as control [19] . After 7 d of incubated at temperatures of 4,12 and 28 °C , by measuring the diameter of the decayed area as the mean of its width and length and computing the total area of disease.…”

“…Grey mould, cause important economic losses before and after the harvest [2] , worldwide losses from this fungus account for 20% of the harvest of the affected crops, and the cost is estimated at billion euros per year. The market size for anti-Botrytis products has been [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] million US dollars in recent 3 years [3] . An important biological feature is that the process of infection and growth by B. cinerea is often associated with prior colonization of dead or dying plant debris as a nutrient-providing saprophytic base [4] .…”

Biological Control of Apples Blue Mold by Isolates of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

“…was reduced to 70% when strawberries were treated with Aureobasiduim pullulans before storage (Lima et al 1997). Calvente found that studies on postharvest biocontrol of fruits and vegetables became an important new area in the world research (Calvente et al 1999).…”