Antagonistic action of blue and red light on shoot elongation in petunia depends on gibberellin, but the effects on flowering are not generally linked to gibberellin

Fukuda, Naoya; Ajima, Chiho; Yukawa, Tomohisa; Olsen, Jorunn E.

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2015.06.014

Cited by 61 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the effect of light quality on plant growth and development. Fukuda et al studied the effect of red light (R), blue light (B), and white light (W) provided by light-emitting diodes on Petunia hybrid, and found that red light inhibited shoot elongation whiles blue light greatly increased it [1]. However, exposure of plants to a high proportion of blue light has also been shown to be effective in suppressing stem elongation [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Growth Response of Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Seedlings to Supplementary Red/Blue Light Revealed through Transcriptomic Analysis

Tang

Xie

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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Red and blue light have great effects on physiological processes and growth of plants. In this experiment, we investigated the physiological and growth response of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to supplementary red:blue (4:1) light for 1 h (T1), 3 h (T2), and 5 h (T3), and the full-spectrum light-emitting diodes, LEDs, as control (CK). Thirty-day-old seedlings were grown under these treatments for 20 days in a climate-controlled room before data measurement. The results showed that the light treatments significantly (p < 0.05) affected the photosynthesis and growth indexes as well as gene expression in the pepper seedlings. Plants under T2 generally had better performance in terms of seedling growth. A total of 124, 1283, and 1091 differentially expressed genes were found in CK vs. T1, CK vs. T2, and CK vs. T3, respectively. Among the treatments, T2 in comparison with CK had 705 upregulated and 578 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We also found that CPRF2, Paggis, HLIPS, GIGANTEA, LSH1, and FTSH genes were expressed differently under the various light treatments. Based on GeneOntology (GO) enrichment analysis, DEGs were significantly enriched on 15 GO terms of which xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase activity and apoplastic, cellular polysaccharide metabolic, and cellular carbohydrate metabolic processes were closely related to light responses. A total of 96 genes that are related to plant-pathogen interaction, zeatin biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and wax/cutin/suberine biosynthesis which are involved in the pathway of light reaction in plants were significantly enriched in T2 plants compared with plants under CK. The application of red:blue light at 4:1 for 3 h improved the growth of pepper seedlings better than the other treatments and this can be tested under the Chinese Solar Greenhouse condition.The exposure of 'Green Oak Leaf' lettuce plants to fluorescent lamps with blue or red LEDs increased stem diameter, leaf area, leaf number, and dry biomass of shoot [5]. Brown et al. indicated that red LEDs in combination with other wavelengths of light may be suitable for the culture of plants under climate-controlled environments [6]. The application of red and blue light also affected biomass accumulation, pigment synthesis, antioxidants, and phenolic compounds. Moreover, chlorophyll contents increased significantly with increasing blue light in tomato, cucumber, radish, and pepper as compared with control plants [7]. Košvancová-Zitová et al. reported that irradiance with high B:R ratio (3:1) increased the rate of photosynthesis in Fagus sylvatica better than irradiance with low B:R (1:3) ratio [8]. In another experiment, Son et al. reported that the total antioxidant phenolic concentrations of lettuce plants increased as the proportion of blue light was increased [9]. Furthermore, different proportions of red and blue light have different effects on plant growth. A study showed that photosynthesis and yield of plants treated with LED-A (R:B = 6:3) were improved as compared to...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Growth Response of Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Seedlings to Supplementary Red/Blue Light Revealed through Transcriptomic Analysis

Tang

Xie

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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“…Shortened photoperiod is known to reduce elongation for some species (Bergstrand, 2017;Sch€ ussler and Bergstrand, 2012). Also, a recent study on petunia indicated that the stem elongation was not promoted by blue vs. red light until the exposure duration increased up to 5 d, and the blue light promotion was proportional to the lighting duration time (Fukuda et al, 2016). It is possible that shortening photoperiod within a certain range may reduce, rather than eliminate, promotion effects of blue vs. red light on plant elongation at least in some species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Blue versus Red Light Can Promote Elongation Growth Independent of Photoperiod: A Study in Four Brassica Microgreens Species

Kong¹,

Kamath²,

Zheng³

2019

horts

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An elongated stem has beneficial effects on microgreen production. Previous studies indicate that under 24-hour light-emitting diode (LED) lighting, monochromatic blue light, compared with red light, can promote plant elongation for some species. The objective of this study was to investigate whether shortened photoperiod can change blue vs. red light effects on elongation growth. The growth and morphology traits of arugula (Brassica eruca, ‘Rocket’), cabbage (Brassica oleracea, unknown variety name), mustard (Brassica juncea, ‘Ruby Streaks’), and kale (Brassica napus, ‘Red Russian’) seedlings were compared during the stage from seeding to cotyledon unfolding under two light quality × two photoperiod treatments: 1) R, monochromatic red light (665 nm) and 2) B, monochromatic blue light (440 nm) using continuous (24-hour light/0-hour dark) or periodic (16-hour light/8-hour dark) LED lighting. A photosynthetic photon flux density of ≈100 μmol·m−2·s−1 and an air temperature of ≈22 °C was used for the preceding treatments. After 7 to 8 days of lighting treatment, regardless of photoperiod, B promoted elongation growth compared with R, as demonstrated by a greater stem extension rate, hypocotyl length, or petiole length in the tested microgreen species, except for mustard. The promotion effects on elongation were greater under 24- vs. 16-hour lighting in many cases. Among the tested species, mustard showed the lowest sensitivity in elongation response to B vs. R, which was independent of photoperiod. This suggests that the blue-light-promoted elongation is not specifically from 24-hour lighting, despite the varying promotion degree under different photoperiods or for different species. The elongation growth promoted by blue LED light under a photoperiod of either 24 hours or 16 hours can potentially benefit indoor production of microgreens.

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“…PehFT were affected by different light qualities, with white and red light inducing the high expression level during daytime compared to blue light condition. Although high PehFT expression under blue LED might have been expected due to the extra early flowering timing in petunia grown under blue LED (Fukuda et al 2016), this was not the case. In the case of Fragaria vesca, light qualities of end of day (EOD) treatment, affected to the expression level of FvFT1 and FvSOC1 (Rantanen et al 2014).…”

Section: Pehft Expression Pattern In Petunia Plantsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Gibberellic acid is known as a signal inducing floral initiation in some plant species (Bernier and Perilleux 2005;Bonhomme et al 2000). Furthermore, it was shown that blue light are strong signals to enhance shoot elongation in petunia, through an increase in contents of active GAs (Fukuda et al 2016). However, in petunia, GA application did not induce floral bud initiation under red light conditions.…”

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confidence: 97%

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The <i>FT-like</i> gene <i>PehFT</i> in petunia responds to photoperiod and light quality but is not the main gene promoting light quality-associated flowering

Tsukamoto

Hirai

Chin

et al. 2016

Plant Biotechnology

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In Arabidopsis, flowering is delayed under red light and induced under far red light and blue light. Studies suggest that the florigen, FLOWERING LOCUS T, is involved in the control of light quality-associated flowering in Arabidopsis. In petunia, similar to Arabidopsis, flowering is delayed under red light and induced under blue light, however its mechanism still remains unknown. Here we isolated a gene which has 75% amino acid sequence similarity with Arabidopsis FT (AtFT), named PehFT. By overexpressing PehFT in Arbidopsis and petunia, we tested its ability to induce flowering. Also, by conducting expression analyses of PehFT under different light quality treatments, we tested its response to light quality. We concluded that PehFT, like AtFT, is a gene which responds to photoperiod and light quality, but unlike AtFT, is not the main gene controlling the light quality-associated flowering.

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Antagonistic action of blue and red light on shoot elongation in petunia depends on gibberellin, but the effects on flowering are not generally linked to gibberellin

Cited by 61 publications

References 42 publications

Physiological and Growth Response of Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Seedlings to Supplementary Red/Blue Light Revealed through Transcriptomic Analysis

Physiological and Growth Response of Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Seedlings to Supplementary Red/Blue Light Revealed through Transcriptomic Analysis

Blue versus Red Light Can Promote Elongation Growth Independent of Photoperiod: A Study in Four Brassica Microgreens Species

The <i>FT-like</i> gene <i>PehFT</i> in petunia responds to photoperiod and light quality but is not the main gene promoting light quality-associated flowering

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