Antagonist Effects of Veratric Acid against UVB-Induced Cell Damages

Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes in human epidermis, resulting in inflammation, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. Adequate protection of skin against the harmful effect of UV irradiation is essential. In recent years naturally occurring herbal compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and high molecular weight polyphenols have gained considerable attention as beneficial protective agents. The simple phenolic veratric acid (VA, 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid) is one of the major benzoic acid derivatives from vegetables and fruits and it also occurs naturally in medicinal mushrooms which have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. However, it has rarely been applied in skin care. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the possible roles of veratric acid in protection against UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells. Results showed that veratric acid can attenuate cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) formation, glutathione (GSH) depletion and apoptosis induced by UVB. Furthermore, veratric acid had inhibitory effects on the UVB-induced release of the inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and prostaglandin-E2. We also confirmed the safety and clinical efficacy of veratric acid on human skin. Overall, results demonstrated significant benefits of veratric acid on the protection of keratinocyte against UVB-induced injuries and suggested its potential use in skin photoprotection.

Pioppino mushroom in southern Italy: an undervalued source of nutrients and bioactive compounds

“…Compound 16 showed the [M − H] − ion at m / z 181.0506 (+0.8 ppm), indicating the formula C 9 H 10 O 4 , according to veratric acid, a benzoic acid derivative, which was reported to have anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant activities …”

“…Compound 16 showed the [M − H] − ion at m/z 181.0506 (+0.8 ppm), indicating the formula C 9 H 10 O 4 , according to veratric acid, a benzoic acid derivative, which was reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. 65 Metabolites 17-21 were identified as C 6 C 3 phenols by comparison of their relative retention times and MS/MS spectra with those of reference pure compounds. In particular, compounds 17 and 18 were identified as o-coumaric acid and p-coumaric acid, respectively, whereas compounds 19, 20 and 21, whose presence was detected only in CM sample, were ferulic acid, sinapic acid and cinnamic acid, respectively.…”

Polyphenols as active ingredients for cosmetic products

“…In addition, a prevention of DNA damage, for example attenuated cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers formation, and prevention of cell apoptosis could be observed [31,38,39]. The pre-treatment of HaCaT keratinocytes with polyphenols or phenolic extracts leads to a decreased intracellular ROS formation, induced by UVB or hydrogen peroxide.…”

“…The pre-treatment of HaCaT keratinocytes with polyphenols or phenolic extracts leads to a decreased intracellular ROS formation, induced by UVB or hydrogen peroxide. In addition, a prevention of DNA damage, for example attenuated cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers formation, and prevention of cell apoptosis could be observed [31,38,39].…”

Protective effects of Rg2 against UVB-induced DNA damage in HaCaT cells is dependent on p53 expression

“…However, active ingredients in the sunscreen fall into chemical and physical filters that only prevent direct sunshine radiation (Faurschou et al 2012). Acute UV irradiation can elicit various responses including sunburn, inflammation, DNA damage, and apoptosis (Lu et al 1999;Cho et al 2005;Rundhaug & Fischer 2008;Shin et al 2013). Chronic and repetitive UV irradiation can lead to photo-aging, sustained immune suppression, and carcinogenesis of the skin (Cho et al 2005;Yaar & Gilchrest 2007).…”