“…Generally speaking, when JIT production objectives are considered, the scheduling models in the literature assume a linear relationship between earliness and tardiness costs (Guo et al, 2008;Sun et al, 2010;Gomes et al, 2005;El Khoukhi et al, 2011). Nevertheless, simply minimizing tardiness costs, or the linear combination of earliness and tardiness, is too simplistic since tardiness costs comprise other qualitative indicators related to customer loyalty (i.e., customer dissatisfaction and the risk of losing the customer).…”