Anoxic/Oxic Activated Sludge Treatment Kinetics of Cyanides and Phenols

Shieh, Wen K.; Richards, Deanna J.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1988)114:3(639)

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Bacterial thiocyanate degradation has been extensively studied in industrial activated sludge reactors for treatment of wastewaters and especially industrial coke wastewaters. It has been shown that in anaerobic reactors, bacterial degradation of thiocyanate is either slow or does not occur (Shieh and Richards 1988;Chakraborty and Veeramani 2006;Kim et al 2008;Sahariah and Saswati 2011). These results are consistent with the results of our incubation experiments.…”

Section: Sediment Amendment Incubationssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…On the other hand, the same studies showed that under oxic conditions, thiocyanate is rapidly degraded. Shieh and Richards (1988) even showed that the same microbial community, which does not degrade thiocyanate under anoxic conditions, may restore its thiocyanate degrading capability immediately after a return to oxic conditions. It was also shown that the presence of thiosulfate and cyanide inhibits microbial uptake of thiocyanate (Karavaiko et al 2000).…”

Section: Sediment Amendment Incubationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Cyanide Accumulation and Transformations in Non-polluted Salt Marsh Sediments

et al. 2012

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While cyanide is known to be produced by many organisms, including plants, bacteria, algae, fungi and some animals, it is generally thought that high levels of cyanide in aquatic systems require anthropogenic sources. Here, we report accumulation of relatively high levels of cyanide in non-polluted salt marsh sediments (up to 230 lmol kg -1 ). Concentrations of free cyanide up to 1.92 lmol L -1 , which are toxic to aquatic life, were detected in the pore-waters. Concentration of total (free and complexed) cyanide in the pore-waters was up to 6.94 lmol L -1 . Free cyanide, which is released to the marsh sediments, is attributed to processes associated with decomposition of cord grass, Spartina alterniflora, roots and possibly from other sources. This cyanide is rapidly complexed with iron and adsorbed on sedimentary organic matter. The ultimate cyanide sink is, however, associated with formation of thiocyanate by reaction with products of sulfide oxidation by Fe(III) minerals, especially polysulfides. The formation of thiocyanate by this pathway detoxifies two poisonous compounds, polysulfides and hydrogen cyanide, preventing release of free hydrogen cyanide from salt marsh sediments into overlying water or air.

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Section: Sediment Amendment Incubationssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Sediment Amendment Incubationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Cyanide Accumulation and Transformations in Non-polluted Salt Marsh Sediments

et al. 2012

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“…Studies using double pollutant degradation is limited to similar classes of pollutants such as phenol-cresol [12], quinoline-indole [13], pyridine-quinoline [14], pyridine-indole [15]. However, the effect of cyanide on anaerobic phenol -degrading microbes have been investigated earlier [16][17][18] and it was concluded that methanogens were highly susceptible to cyanide concentration than phenol-degraders. There have been no reports on the influence of cyanide in the removal of other pollutants present in CWW such as cresols, xylenols, quinoline and indole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cyanide on phenolics and aromatic hydrocarbons biodegradation under anaerobic and anoxic conditions

Sharma

Philip

2014

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…Thiocyanate (NCS – ) is formed in various natural and industrial processes. It was found in waste waters from coal and oil processing, steel manufacturing, and the petrochemical industry. − Thiocyanate concentrations of up to 17 mmol·L –1 were detected in coal plant wastewaters , and in gold extraction wastewaters. , In electroplating, dyeing, photofinishing, thiourea, and pesticide production the concentration of NCS – in wastewater effluents is in the range of 0.09–2 mmol·L –1 . Thiocyanate is toxic to aquatic species with LC 50 values of 0.01 to 0.5 mmol·L –1 reported for Daphnia magna …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thiobacillus species isolated from steel plant wastewater, are able to degrade 5.2 mmol·L –1 of NCS – over 8 days under anaerobic denitrifying conditions . Rates of thiocyanate degradation depend not only on oxygen concentrations, ,,, but also on concentrations of nutrients. It was shown that concentrations of NH 3 > 70 μmol·L –1 may inhibit and phosphate concentrations >500 μmol·L –1 may stimulate thiocyanate biodegradation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Decomposition of Thiocyanate in Natural Aquatic Systems

Kurashova

Halevy

Kamyshny

2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Rates of thiocyanate degradation were measured in waters and sediments of marine and limnic systems under various redox conditions, oxic, anoxic (nonsulfidic, nonferruginous, nonmanganous), ferruginous, sulfidic, and manganous, for up to 200-day period at micromolar concentrations of thiocyanate. The decomposition rates in natural aquatic systems were found to be controlled by microbial processes under both oxic and anoxic conditions. The Michaelis-Menten model was applied for description of the decomposition kinetics. The decomposition rate in the sediments was found to be higher than in the water samples. Under oxic conditions, thiocyanate degradation was faster than under anaerobic conditions. In the presence of hydrogen sulfide, the decomposition rate increased compared to anoxic nonsulfidic conditions, whereas in the presence of iron(II) or manganese(II), the rate decreased. Depending on environmental conditions, half-lives of thiocyanate in sediments and water columns were in the ranges of hours to few dozens of days, and from days to years, respectively. Application of kinetic parameters presented in this research allows estimation of rates of thiocyanate cycling and its concentrations in the Archean ocean.

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Anoxic/Oxic Activated Sludge Treatment Kinetics of Cyanides and Phenols

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Hydrogen Cyanide Accumulation and Transformations in Non-polluted Salt Marsh Sediments

Hydrogen Cyanide Accumulation and Transformations in Non-polluted Salt Marsh Sediments

Effect of cyanide on phenolics and aromatic hydrocarbons biodegradation under anaerobic and anoxic conditions

Kinetics of Decomposition of Thiocyanate in Natural Aquatic Systems

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