Another source of allergic contact dermatitis to isothiazolinones in children—urgent call for regulation

Morgado, Francisca; Batista, Mariana; Ramos, Leonor; Gonçalo, Margarida

doi:10.1111/jdv.15602

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Testing for only MCI/MI can mean up to 40% of patients with MI contact allergy is missed . It is not surprising that the MI epidemic has also affected the paediatric population, considering that common sources of MI include baby wipes and the emerging childhood hobby, ‘slime’ . Contact allergy to MCI/MI has been detected in up to 11% of children referred for patch testing …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic contact dermatitis in children and proposal for an Australian Paediatric Baseline Series

et al. 2019

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Background Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an increasingly common diagnosis in children. The objectives of this study were to review our experience with ACD in children in tertiary settings, to ascertain the spectrum of allergens in this population and to subsequently propose the first Australian Paediatric Baseline Series for patch testing. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patch test data from 1993 to 2017 from two tertiary referral patch‐testing centres in Melbourne, Victoria. Results A total of 511 children were patch tested during the study period. Of these, 58.3% (298/511) of children tested had a positive patch test, and 65.1% (194/298, or 38.0% of the total) had a relevant positive patch test. The most common relevant patch test reactions were fragrance mix, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI), Myroxylon pereirae, nickel sulphate, and colophonium. Conclusion Allergic contact dermatitis is not uncommon in children, and patch testing should be considered in children with suspected ACD or with recalcitrant atopic dermatitis. Based on our experience over 25 years, we propose the first Australian Paediatric Baseline Series.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic contact dermatitis in children and proposal for an Australian Paediatric Baseline Series

et al. 2019

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“…The mixture of methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI) in a 3:1 ratio (Kathon CG) and MI alone are isothiazolinone preservatives that are mainly used in cosmetics, household and personal care products, or ‘slime’, ie, a novel hobby material, as well as occupational products such as water‐based paints, glues, metalworking fluids, and ultrasound gel, for their bactericidal, fungicidal and algicidal properties 1‐4 . Following the first epidemic of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in the 1980s 5 due to MCI/MI mainly in leave‐on cosmetics, the allowed concentration of MCI/MI in cosmetics was reduced from 30 to 15 ppm in 1990 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone contact allergy: A 24‐year, single‐center, retrospective cohort study from Turkey

et al. 2020

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Background: Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and MI allergy caused a global epidemic during the period 2010 to 2015, reaching its peak in 2013/14. Objective: To investigate the characteristics of MCI/MI and MI allergy in Turkey over 24 years. Methods: A total of 2310 patients patch tested between 1996 and 2019 with MCI/MI 0.01% aq. or MCI/MI 0.02% aq., with or without MI 0.2% aq., were analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of contact sensitization was 3.3% (n = 77) with a peak level of 16.4% in 2015. The prevalence gradually decreased thereafter, but was still high (6.5%) in 2019. Seventy-three patients had clinically relevant sensitizations. MI could detect clinically relevant sensitizations in all seven patients with a negative patch test reaction to MCI/MI 0.02%. Non-occupational allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) was most frequently seen, mainly in women, with hand/face eczema from rinse-off or leave-on cosmetics, such as wet wipes. Occupational ACD was mainly seen among men with airborne eczema from wall paints in house painters, or with hand eczema from hair gel/wax in men's barbers. Conclusions: The prevalence of MCI/MI and MI sensitization in Turkey following the peak in 2015 is still high. This is probably due to the currently allowed level of 100 ppm for MI in rinse-off cosmetics. This needs to be urgently reduced.

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“…Since 2018, there have been 15 case reports or case series on slime dermatitis (Table 1). 1,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The literature describes 21 total patients, including 7 (33%) with a history of atopy and 4 (19%) with atopic dermatitis in particular. Of these 21 patients, 18 (86%) were female, and all were aged 7 to 13 years (mean, 10.3 [SD, 1.7] years).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothiazolinones Common in Children's Toy Slime

et al. 2021

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Background: Contact dermatitis to homemade slime has been frequently reported, with isothiazolinones as a likely sensitizer. Little is known on the presence of these preservatives in commercial, store-bought slime products.Objectives: The aims of the study were to review the literature on "slime dermatitis" and to assess for the presence of isothiazolinones in commercially available slime products and homemade slime components.Methods: An experimental, colorimetric spot test was used to verify the presence of isothiazolinones in 38 slime products of the 16 best-selling commercial slime kits, 1 finished homemade slime, and 4 common components of homemade slime. High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was performed on 8 commercial slime products.Results: According to the spot test, 27 (71%) of the 38 commercial slime products contained isothiazolinones. High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection analyses indicated, however, that false-positives and false-negatives readily occur: isothiazolinone content was correctly identified in only 4 (50%) of the 8 samples.Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of isothiazolinones in commercial slime toys. Although the colorimetric spot test may have some utility as a screening assay, it is far from specific and likely not sensitive enough to reliably identify methylisothiazolinone.

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Another source of allergic contact dermatitis to isothiazolinones in children—urgent call for regulation

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Allergic contact dermatitis in children and proposal for an Australian Paediatric Baseline Series

Allergic contact dermatitis in children and proposal for an Australian Paediatric Baseline Series

Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone contact allergy: A 24‐year, single‐center, retrospective cohort study from Turkey

Isothiazolinones Common in Children's Toy Slime

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