Anorectal Melanoma. An Update

Reina, Angel Antonio Pozuelo; Errasti, José; Espín, Eloy

doi:10.1016/j.cireng.2013.07.031

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ultraviolet radiation – which is the main risk factor for cutaneous melanoma – is not involved in the pathogenesis of PARM 8 . However, a few risk factors have been identified, such as immunosuppressed individuals and those descending from the Caucasian race 7 , 12 ; our patient is none of the aforementioned.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Primary anorectal melanoma mimicking polyp in a scleroderma patient: a case report

Alazki

Othman

Mohammad

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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Introduction: Primary anorectal melanoma is an extremely rare malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract with a very poor prognosis. Due to the late presentation, most patients with primary anorectal melanoma are diagnosed at advanced stages. Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. There is an increased risk of developing cancer in scleroderma patients. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old Syrian female diagnosed with localized scleroderma complained of a sensation of a mass in her anal area. She was diagnosed with primary rectal melanoma and was put on neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Following the radiotherapy, the endoscopy revealed several black lesions in her anal canal, and thus abdominoperineal resection was conducted. Discussion and Conclusion: Malignant melanoma can occur in unsuspected locations such as the anal canal. Novel therapies like anti-CTLA4 drugs have proven efficient in controlling the disease. The lack of data in the literature on this malignancy and the absence of guidelines make it challenging for an optimal approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Primary anorectal melanoma mimicking polyp in a scleroderma patient: a case report

Alazki

Othman

Mohammad

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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“…Compared to melanomas from cutaneous sites, mucosal melanomas have a poor prognosis. 5,6 Mucosal melanomas frequently present mutations in the cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase activation (c-KIT), compared to cutaneous melanomas, which are associated with high BRAF mutations, rare in AMM. 7 Symptoms of AMM are nonspecific, as in common anorectal disorders such as haemorrhoids, polyps, or other benign anorectal pathology, and may be the main reason for delays in diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anorectal malignant mucosal melanoma

Bediako-Bowan

Gbadamosi

Ayettey

et al. 2022

gmj

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Anorectal mucosal melanoma (AMM) is a rare, aggressive malignancy. The symptoms of AMM mimic common benign conditions in the anus, such as haemorrhoids; hence diagnosis is often made late, a third of patients having metastasis at first presentation. Surgical resection remains the standard of treatment, and adjuvant therapy is varied, including immunotherapy, brachytherapy, and chemotherapy. The prognosis is poor, with a 5-year survival of 20%. A 65year old woman presented with a five-year history of symptoms suggestive of haemorrhoids and was diagnosed with a malignant anorectal mucosal melanoma after symptoms worsened and further investigation was performed. She underwent surgical resection and is currently receiving adjuvant therapy. The prognosis of AMM, the lack of consensus on the treatment regimen to date, and the need for a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis are discussed.

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“…This gives the option of an early sentinel lymphnodectomy and could contribute to the creation of an improved and unified staging system which we do not have at the moment. On the other hand, inguinal lymph node dissection is only advised in specific cases [48]. High local recurrence rates could discourage a less aggressive surgical approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary melanoma of the anorectal region: clinical and histopathological review of 17 cases. A retrospective cohort study

2021

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Aim The aim of our study was to scrutinize diagnostic and treatment factors that may contribute to the low survival rate from anorectal melanoma while adding 17 more cases to the global research database. Method We carried out a retrospective analysis of 17 cases of anorectal melanoma treated at a single institution from 2000 to 2020. Data on patient age, sex, complaints, treatment and survival as well as tumour size, resection margins, histological and immunohistochemical features were assessed. Results The median age of patients was 72 ± 12.49 (45–92) years. Most of the patients were women (n = 11, 64.71%). Three (17.65%) patients underwent no radical treatment. Of eight patients treated initially with radical surgery (either total mesorectal excision or abdominoperineal resection), six (75%) were found to have positive lymph nodes. Mean survival was 20 ± 23.46 (1–84) months. The average diameter of the resected tumours was 5.43 ± 3.02 cm (1.3–10 cm). Most tumours had epithelioid or spindle cell morphology and were positive for one or more melanocytic markers (S100, HMB‐45 or MITF). More than half of the tumours contained no or very little melanin pigment. None of the tumours had significant lymphocytic infiltration. Three tumours showed positivity for keratins (PANCK or CAM5.2) and one tumour showed positivity for C‐KIT stain. Conclusion An aggressive surgical approach may have an effect on survival in most early stages while more advanced disease benefits from a more conservative approach. Attention to sentinel lymph nodes and further systemic research into therapy is required. For now, treatment and diagnostic modalities seem to be inconsistent, requiring further investigation to elucidate common points.

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Anorectal Melanoma. An Update

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Primary anorectal melanoma mimicking polyp in a scleroderma patient: a case report

Primary anorectal melanoma mimicking polyp in a scleroderma patient: a case report

Anorectal malignant mucosal melanoma

Primary melanoma of the anorectal region: clinical and histopathological review of 17 cases. A retrospective cohort study

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