Anomalous Secondary Thickening in Phytolacca americana L. (Phytolaccaceae)

Mikesell, Jan E.

doi:10.2307/2442563

Cited by 12 publications

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“…This is unlike the single self-perpetuating unidirectional cambium described for certain anomalously thickened genera of Verbenaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Nyctaginaceae by Philipson and Ward (1 965) and Studholme and Philipson (1966), but in agreement with observations of Wheat (1977) on Phytolacca dioica-a species showing successive action of independent, short-lived cambia. Mikesell ( 1979) also interprets the ring-like conformation of secondary additions of vascular tissue of Phytolaccaceae to derive from a succession of "primary thickening meristems" differentiating centrifugally in external conjunctive tissue. Within each meristem phloem and xylem differentiate to form so-called "desmogen strands", while cambial activity between the strands gives rise to intervening bands of conjunctive tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Within each meristem phloem and xylem differentiate to form so-called "desmogen strands", while cambial activity between the strands gives rise to intervening bands of conjunctive tissue. In the root of Phytolacca americana, for example, Mikesell (1979) diarch root. However, as later cambia differentiate this geometry is progressively lost so that the "desmogen strands" develop more or less randomly around the root periphery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of situations are recorded in the literature regarding unusual patterns of vascular organization in dicotyledons, including the presence of bicollateral, medullary or cortical bundles, intraxylary and interxylary phloem and the development of arcs, strands or complete rings of xylem and phloem alternating concentrically with one another in a root or shoot (see Solereder, 1899;Metcalfe & Chalk, 1950;Metcalfe, 1983). The origin and functioning of the secondary tissues in question have been subject to much debate (Philipson & Ward, 1965;Balfour, 1965;Studholme & Philipson, 1966;Esau & Cheadle, 1969;Wheat, 1977;Mikesell, 1979) particularly as to whether cambial activity is unidirectional or conventionally bidirectional, and, if successive cambia are present, whether these form from a previous cambium or independently outside the existing vasculature. This paper reports on the occurrence in certain species of Daviesia (Fabaceae) of a highly distinctive type of secondary thickening in which concentrically arranged layers of interconnecting vascular strands are added progressively to the root.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anomalous secondary thickening in roots of Daviesia (Fabaceae) and its taxonomic significance

Pate

Kuo

Dixon

et al. 1989

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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PATE, J. S. KUO, J., DIXON, K. W. & CRISP, M. D., 1988. Anomalous secondary thickening in roots of Daviesia (Fabaceae) and its taxonomic significance. Investigations of 55 species of Daviesia show 24 to have anomalous secondary vascular development in their roots and the remainder to be of conventional root anatomy. Species showing the trait exhibit early cessation of cambial activity in the central stele of the seedling followed by differentiation of a series of concentric layers of inter‐connecting vascular strands, each layer derived from new cambial activity in pericycle tissue outside the existing vasculature. The ontogeny and mature structure of the anomalously thickened roots of certain species is described and the findings compared with published data for other genera of dicotyledons. A cladogram is presented to portray the phylogeny of the species of Daviesia included in the study, using 36 morphological features and the parsimony method to derive minimum length Wagner‐type trees from a matrix of taxa character states. Evolution of the character of anomalous root thickening is concluded to have occurred early and possibly on two independent occasions during specialion of the genus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anomalous secondary thickening in roots of Daviesia (Fabaceae) and its taxonomic significance

Pate

Kuo

Dixon

et al. 1989

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…A review of literature indicates that there is no unanimous opinion regarding the nature of meristem in the Amaranthaceae. Therefore, the origin of the cambium and formation of its derivatives has posed a problem to different workers and has ultimately resulted in several terms being given to this meristem such as primary thickening meristem -PTM (STEVENSON & POPHAM 1973, MIKESELL & POPHAM 1976, MIKESELL 1979, YARROW & POPHAM 1981CARLQUIST 1988), diffuse lateral meristem (CARLQUIST 1999), confined meristem (CARLQUIST 2001), lateral meristem (CARLQUIST 2004) and master cambium (CARLQUIST 2004(CARLQUIST , 2007b. DAMASON (1983) criticized about the use of term PTM in dicotyledons and said that PTM along with apical meristem forms primary plant body whereas cambium produce secondary tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, there is not only controversy about terminology, but also about the origin(s) of the successive cambia and their cambial derivatives as well as about the underlying growth patterns. Different ontogenetic interpretations have led to the distinct terminology (STE- VENSON & POPHAM 1973;MIKESELL & POPHAM 1976;MIKESELL 1973MIKESELL , 1979YARROW & PO-PHAM 1981;CARLQUIST 1988CARLQUIST , 2004CARLQUIST , 2007bRAJPUT et al 2009a;TAMAIO et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of lateral meristem and pattern of secondary growth in stems and roots of Spinacia oleracea Linn (Amaranthaceae)

Rajput

Patil

Kapadane³

2010

Feddes Repertorium

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Development of lateral meristem and pattern of secondary growth in the stems and roots of Spinacia oleracea Linn (Amaranthaceae) were studied anatomically. Maturing stems and roots increased in thickness by developing successive rings of cambia which produce secondary vascular elements embedded in the groundmass of thin walled parenchymatous conjunctive tissues. Second ring of the cambium was originated outside the first ring of the cambium and gave rise to parenchyma cells and sieve tube elements on the outer side whereas it gave rise to conjunctive tissue and secondary xylem on the inner side. Prior to the development of second ring of cambium, parenchyma cells located outside to the previous cambium dedifferentiated and acquired meristematic property which led to the formation of meristematic bands of radially arranged cells. Later on each successive ring of cambium developed in similar fashion as described above. The groundmass of the stems and roots was mostly composed of thin walled conjunctive tissue on both the outer and inner side of each cambium, whereas formation of thick walled conducting elements of secondary xylem and secondary phloem remained restricted to the small segments of the vascular cambium. Secondary xylem was composed of vessel elements, tracheids and libriform fibres whereas secondary phloem comprised of sieve tube elements, companion cells and axial parenchyma with no typical rays even in the mature stems. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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The Ontogeny of the Primary Thickening Meristem of Atriplex Hortensis L. (Chenopodiaceae)

Yarrow

Popham

1981

American J of Botany

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Seedlings of Atriplex hortensis were studied to ascertain; 1) in which organ the primary thickening meristem (PTM) first differentiates; 2) the direction of differentiation of the PTM, and 3) the pattern of differentiation of conjunctive tissue. The PTM initially differentiates in pericycle of the primary root base 11 days after emergence of the primary root. It then differentiates in the transition region of the hypocotyl, mostly in cells of pericycle between pairs of vascular bundles. In the upper hypocotyl, PTM differentiates by day 20 in the inner layer of cortical parenchyma. In the epicotyl, PTM apparently differentiates in the inner layer of cortex, by day 24. Desmogic xylem differentiates from radial files of internal conjunctive tissue cells and desmogic phloem differentiates opposite desmogic xylem strands from newly formed cells of external conjunctive tissue. No interfascicular cambium differentiates in the root, hypocotyl, or epicotyl.

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Anomalous Secondary Thickening in Phytolacca americana L. (Phytolaccaceae)

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Anomalous secondary thickening in roots of Daviesia (Fabaceae) and its taxonomic significance

Anomalous secondary thickening in roots of Daviesia (Fabaceae) and its taxonomic significance

Development of lateral meristem and pattern of secondary growth in stems and roots of Spinacia oleracea Linn (Amaranthaceae)

The Ontogeny of the Primary Thickening Meristem of Atriplex Hortensis L. (Chenopodiaceae)

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