Anomalous Left Adrenal Venous Drainage Directly into the Inferior Vena Cava

Stack, Sean P.; Rösch, Josef; Cook, David M.; Sheppard, Brett C.; Keller, Frederick S.

doi:10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61922-8

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…They found variant venous anatomy in 5 adrenal glands: 4 in patients with pheochromocytoma and 1 in a patient with adrenal cortical cancer. In addition, MacGillivray et al 13 reported confluence of the right adrenal vein with the accessory right hepatic vein in a patient with hyperaldosteronism, and Stack et al 14 described an anomalous left adrenal vein draining directly into the inferior vena cava in a patient with hyperaldosteronism.…”

Section: Jama Surg 2013;148(4):378-383mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variant Adrenal Venous Anatomy in 546 Laparoscopic Adrenalectomies

Scholten¹,

Cisco²,

Vriens³

et al. 2013

JAMA Surg

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Importance: Knowing the types and frequency of adrenal vein variants would help surgeons identify and control the adrenal vein during laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Conclusions and Relevance: Understanding variant adrenal venous anatomy is important to avoid bleeding during laparoscopic adrenalectomy, particularly in patients with large tumors or pheochromocytomas. Surgeons should anticipate a higher probability of adrenal vein variants when operating on pheochromocytomas and larger adrenal tumors.

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Section: Jama Surg 2013;148(4):378-383mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variant Adrenal Venous Anatomy in 546 Laparoscopic Adrenalectomies

Scholten¹,

Cisco²,

Vriens³

et al. 2013

JAMA Surg

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“…Stack et al (46) recently described an anomalous central left adrenal vein draining directly into the IVC. I could find no other example of this in the literature, although we have seen several cases of superficial veins entering the IVC (Fig 7).…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Adrenal Veinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When contrast material is injected on the left side, numerous communicating veins are seen to the phrenic vein, retroperitoneal fat, hemiazygos system, left renal vein, and even IVC (46) (Figs 36 -40).…”

Section: Strategies For the Left Adrenal Veinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal Vein Sampling: How to Make It Quick, Easy, and Successful

2005

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Adrenal vein sampling has a reputation as a difficult procedure. However, it is being performed more frequently at some institutions due to the realization that primary aldosteronism is more common than previously believed. At the author's institution, adrenal vein sampling with computed tomographic (CT) and laboratory correlation has been performed more than 800 times in the past 10 years. Adrenal vein sampling is used to determine whether autonomous hormone production is unilateral or bilateral; unilateral secretion can be treated with surgery. The venous drainage of each adrenal gland is predominantly via a central vein. Recognition of the right adrenal vein is the crux of adrenal vein sampling. CT is useful in planning adrenal vein sampling by demonstrating the anatomy and positions of the adrenal veins. A small amount of contrast material is injected gently and slowly into the adrenal vein; it is not necessary to perform formal venography to outline the entire gland. To confirm that the vein is draining the majority of adrenal cortical blood, the adrenal vein sample should have a significantly higher level of cortisol than a peripheral sample. Adrenal glands that are producing aldosterone demonstrate an aldosterone-cortisol ratio that is higher than the peripheral value.

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“…In this case, a coronal section of CT was helpful in detecting the left adrenal vein. Stack et al reported a case where the left adrenal vein drained directly into the IVC . To our knowledge, our patient is the first reported case of AVS being performed in the left IVC wherein the left adrenal vein directly into the IVC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%