Anomalous flexor digitorum superficialis muscle belly presenting as a mass within the palm

Stephens, Nicholas; Marques, Eric; Livingston, Christopher

doi:10.4172/plastic-surgery.1000502

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A review of 32 cases of symptomatic palmar FDS anomalies revealed that all but five of the patients were female, with right-hand predominance, and a third of the cases presented with bilateral occurrence (Elias and Schulter-Ellis, 1985; Martelo-Villar, 1980; Wesser et al, 1969) (Table 1). The index finger was affected in over 80% of patients, with the little finger being the next most frequent (15%) and up to 5% occurring in the middle and ring fingers (Stephens et al, 2007). Most patients presented in their teens or twenties with a disproportionately higher incidence in those with jobs requiring high manual dexterity (such as keyboard workers).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Painful, palpable and pathological: anomalous flexor digitorum superficialis brevis in the palm, comparative anatomical context, and an updated classification of anomalies of the flexor digitorum superficialis

Bhat

Davis

Akali

et al. 2013

J Hand Surg Eur Vol

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Painful, palpable and pathological: anomalous flexor digitorum superficialis brevis in the palm, comparative anatomical context, and an updated classification of anomalies of the flexor digitorum superficialis

Bhat

Davis

Akali

et al. 2013

J Hand Surg Eur Vol

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“…Many clinical reports show human patients with ectopic FDS in the hand, which is often accompanied by pain and symptoms of nerve compression (Elliot et al ., 1999; Stephens et al ., 2007; Bhat et al ., 2014). According to a recent review (Bhat et al ., 2014), 37 cases of a palmar FDS have been reported; however, the incidence of the palmar FDS is not reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle–tendon arrangement and innervation pattern of the m. flexor digitorum superficialis in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and spider monkey (Ateles sp.)

2020

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The muscle-tendon arrangement of the m. flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) varies among different primate groups. Recent developmental investigations revealed that the primordium of FDS emerges in the hand region first and relocates to the forearm later. The relationship between the diverse muscle-tendon arrangement and the characteristic developmental process of FDS is important for understanding the evolutionary changes of the FDS. Moreover, the innervation pattern cannot go unremarked when discussing the muscle homology and evolution. We examined the muscle-tendon arrangement and intramuscular nerve distribution of the FDS in three genera of Platyrrhini: three common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), two squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and two spider monkeys (Ateles sp.). We observed that the FDS consisted of multiple muscle bellies. The origin of the muscle bellies to digits II and V varied, whereas muscle bellies to digits III and IV consistently originated from the medial epicondyle. The muscle-tendon arrangement of the FDS differed among the three genera owing to the different origins of muscle bellies to digits II and V. In all the examined specimens, the muscle bellies to digits II and/or III were innervated by the direct nerve branches from the median nerve. However, the muscle bellies to digits IV and V never received direct nerve branches from the median nerve. Nerve branches within the belly to digit III extended into the belly to digit IV, and one nerve branch within the belly to digit IV extended into the belly to digit V. These consistent nerve distribution patterns suggest that different patterns of FDS muscle-tendon arrangement have changed from that of a common ancestral condition. It is plausible that the diverse origins of muscle bellies in the FDS are attributable to the difference in the destination for the relocation of the muscle bellies during developmental processes.

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“…In some severe cases, the anomalous muscle can heavily impede muscle and tendon excursion, limiting functional hand use and requiring surgical intervention. 28…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Aberrant Muscle Bellies in the Carpal Tunnel Using Sonography

Takata

Roll

2018

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

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Musculoskeletal sonography is being widely used for evaluation of structures within the carpal tunnel. While some anatomical variants, such as bifurcated median nerves and persistent median arteries, have been well documented, limited literature describes the sonographic appearance of aberrant muscle bellies within the carpal tunnel. Multiple examples of the sonographic appearance of flexor digitorum superficialis and lumbrical muscle bellies extending into the carpal tunnel are provided. Techniques for static image acquisition and analysis are discussed, and the use of dynamic imaging to confirm which specific muscle belly is involved is described. Knowledge of the potential presence of muscle bellies in these images and ability to identify these structures is vital to avoid misclassification or misdiagnosis as abnormal pathology. The case examples are situated among current published evidence regarding how such anomalies may be related to the development of pathologies, such as carpal tunnel syndrome.

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Anomalous flexor digitorum superficialis muscle belly presenting as a mass within the palm

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Painful, palpable and pathological: anomalous flexor digitorum superficialis brevis in the palm, comparative anatomical context, and an updated classification of anomalies of the flexor digitorum superficialis

Painful, palpable and pathological: anomalous flexor digitorum superficialis brevis in the palm, comparative anatomical context, and an updated classification of anomalies of the flexor digitorum superficialis

Muscle–tendon arrangement and innervation pattern of the m. flexor digitorum superficialis in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and spider monkey (Ateles sp.)

Identification of Aberrant Muscle Bellies in the Carpal Tunnel Using Sonography

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