Anomalous Elastic Response of Silicon to Uniaxial Shock Compression on Nanosecond Time Scales

Loveridge-Smith, A.; Allen, Amani M.; Belak, J.; Boehly, T. R.; Hauer, A.; Holian, Brad Lee; Kalantar, D. H.; Kyrala, G. A.; Lee, R. W.; Lomdahl, Peter S.; Meyers, Marc A.; Paisley, Dennis L.; Pollaine, S. M.; Remington, B. A.; Swift, Damian; Weber, S. V.; Wark, J. S.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.2349

Cited by 176 publications

(111 citation statements)

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“…An equiaxed 5-nm void is initially created in the center of the cell with full atomistic resolution being provided ab initio within a 16a 0 16a 0 16a 0 region surrounding the void. The triangulation is rapidly coarsened with distance to the void elsewhere, resulting in an initial computational mesh containing 31 933 nodes.Recent experimental data [13] suggest that the material response within a strong shock is essentially volumetric. We therefore drive the void expansion by prescribing pure dilatational displacements over the exterior boundary of the computational cell.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanovoid Cavitation by Dislocation Emission in Aluminum

2004

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This Letter is concerned with the determination of the transition paths attendant to nanovoid growth in aluminum under hydrostatic tension. The analysis is, therefore, based on energy minimization at 0 K. Aluminum is modeled by the Ercolessi-Adams embedded-atom method, and spurious boundary artifacts are mitigated by the use of the quasicontinuum method. Our analysis reveals several stages of pressure buildup separated by yield points. The first yield point corresponds to the formation of highly stable tetrahedral dislocation junctions around the surfaces of the void. The second yield point is caused by the dissolution of the tetrahedral structures and the emission of conventional 1 2 h110if111g and anomalous 1 2 h110if001g dislocation loops. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.165503 PACS numbers: 61.72.-y, 02.70.-c, 46.15.-x Spallation damage under dynamic tensile loading is characterized by the emergence of distributed microcracks or voids in a narrow region of the material, or spall plane, which may result in the catastrophic failure of the specimen. Spall has been widely studied experimentally by means of gas-gun driven plate-impact tests (e.g., [1,2]), high-intensity, pulsed laser shock generators [3][4][5], and other experimental techniques (cf.[6] and references therein). Observations, however, are for the most part restricted to free-surface velocity measurements and post mortem examination of the specimens and, therefore, are necessarily indirect.Molecular dynamics (MD) suggests itself as a natural approach for understanding the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the evolution of nanosized voids [7][8][9]. These studies reveal, among other useful insights, that nanovoids exceeding a pressure and temperaturedependent critical size grow by the emission of dislocations and by coalescence with neighboring voids. However, MD is particularly well suited to the study of void growth at very high strain rates, often greatly in excess of those attained experimentally. In addition, reliance on periodic boundary conditions limits the range of elapsed times which can be examined by MD and may introduce undesirable artifacts. Continuum estimates [10] suggest that dynamic effects are indeed negligible for small voids at moderate-to-high strain rates. This points to the need to complement MD studies with a detailed analysis of the equilibrium energy landscape and transition paths accessible to expanding nanovoids.The technique that we use in order to carry out such an analysis is the quasicontinuum (QC) method. QC is a method for systematically coarse-graining lattice statics models. The method starts with the complete atomistic system and appends kinematic constraints which restrict the configuration space of the crystal. The kinematic constraints are based on the selection of representative atoms and the use of finite-element interpolation. In order to avoid full lattice sums, cluster summation rules are also used. By virtue of these rules, only atoms in small clusters surrounding the representative atoms need to be visite...

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confidence: 99%

Nanovoid Cavitation by Dislocation Emission in Aluminum

2004

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“…Given that this element can be manufactured in an almost perfect, defectfree form, it might first appear to be an ideal test-bed for studying the fundamental physics of shock compression. However, in many ways the opposite has seemed to be true, in that despite many attempts, a full understanding of how such perfect single crystals react at the lattice level to rapid uniaxial loading has remained surprisingly elusive, with apparently differing results and interpretations being put forward between gas gun experiments [5,6] and those performed on a shorter time-scale employing laser-plasmabased drivers [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent work employing nanosecond white-light Laue diffraction to diagnose laser-driven shocks in single crystal silicon shocked along the [100] axis has reconfirmed that a complex elastic response, first observed by Loveridge-Smith et al [7], indeed occurs [8]. This work showed that when silicon is shock-compressed to stresses in the regime of a few 10's of GPa on nanosecond timescales, a leading double elastic-wave structure can form in compression, which, upon breakout from a free surface, can also result in a state of elastic tension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations of the inelastic response of silicon to shock compression

Stubley

Higginbotham

Wark

2017

Computational Materials Science

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Recent experiments employing nanosecond white-light X-ray diffraction have demonstrated a complex response of pure, single crystal silicon to shock compression on ultra-fast timescales. We present here details of a Lagrangian code which tracks both longitudinal and transverse strains, and successfully reproduces the experimental response by incorporating a model of the shock-induced, yet kinetically inhibited, phase transition. This model is also shown to reproduce results of classical molecular dynamics simulations of shock compressed silicon.

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“…With the development of x-ray diffraction of dynamic systems, [6,7,17,18] it is possible to make a determination of crystal structure in-situ during the compression process. These in-situ measurements are critical to understanding how materials react under presssure as the crystallographic structure is fundamental in determining material properties.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction From Dynamically Compressed Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These pressure should be obtainable in the next generation of high energy density experimental facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [4]. This paper discusses how the crystal structure can be measured in dynamically compressed samples using in-situ x-ray diffraction [5,6,7]. First, a brief discussion of shock and shockless compression is presented as a means of obtaining high pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Planetary Interiors in Laser Based Experiments Using Shockless Compression

Hawreliak

Colvin

Eggert

et al. 2007

Astrophys Space Sci

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X-ray diffraction is a widely used technique for measuring the crystal structure of a compressed material. Recently, short pulse x-ray sources have been used to measure the crystal structure in-situ while a sample is being dynamically loaded. To reach the ultra high pressures that are unattainable in static experiments at temperatures lower than using shock techniques, shockless quasi-isentropic compression is required. Shockless compression has been demonstrated as a successful means of accessing high pressures. The National Ignition Facility (NIF), which will begin doing high pressure material science in 2010, it should be possible to reach over 2 TPa quasi-isentropically. This paper outlines how x-ray diffraction could be used to study the crystal structure in laser driven, shocklessly compressed targets the same way it has been used in shock compressed samples. A simulation of a shockless laser driven iron is used to generate simulated diffraction signals. And recently experimental results are presented.

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Anomalous Elastic Response of Silicon to Uniaxial Shock Compression on Nanosecond Time Scales

Cited by 176 publications

References 17 publications

Nanovoid Cavitation by Dislocation Emission in Aluminum

Nanovoid Cavitation by Dislocation Emission in Aluminum

Simulations of the inelastic response of silicon to shock compression

Modeling Planetary Interiors in Laser Based Experiments Using Shockless Compression

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