Anodic Oxidation of the Basic Sulfates of Lead

Abstract

normalPbO·PbSO4 , 3normalPbO·PbSO4·H2O , and 4normalPbO·PbSO4 were prepared by reacting normalPbO and dilute H2SO4 . The crystalline phases were identified by x‐ray diffraction patterns, and electron microscope examination showed all three to be prismatic needles, The three basic sulfates were oxidized anodically in dilute sulfuric acid, and x‐ray diffraction showed that each transformed to βPbO2 . The pellet made from 4normalPbO·PbSO4 was mechanically strong, and the transformation to PbO2 was largely metasomatic after the original crystals of the basic sulfate. The three anodic preparations were examined in the electron microscope and showed the presence of prismatic and nodular particles of PbO2 .

Optimization of electrode paste composition and structure for improving energy and life characteristics of active materials for lead batteries

“…The mole ratio PbO/H 2 SO 4 was 5:1. After acid fill the slurry was further mixed during 3-4 h, and then filtered and allowed to dry at 100 • C. This technique is actually similar to the one employed for preparing 4BS, which was proposed in [5,6]. The technique, however, does not allow preparation of pure 4BS.…”

Lead and Lead Alloy Grids for Lead-Acid Cells: Implications for Communications Applications

“…Much cell redesign was required: grids were horizontally disposed instead of vertically. The conventional positive paste was to be replaced by tetrabasic lead sulphate [18], following Burbank [19], and prepared from lead oxide, PbO, and sulphuric acid to be 4PbO.PbSO4. This material transforms to PbO2 with little change of crystal shape: it is hoped that softening and disintegration of positive paste material would be absent.…”

“…The finding of Lander [20] that positive plate corrosion increases with decreasing acid concentration (density) does not seem to have been utilized The active reactant in this corrosion is water itself: PbSO4 + 2HE0 = PbO2 +. H2SO4 + 2H + 2e TERNARY LEAD-TIN ALLOYS: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH Figure 3 indicates that the solid solubility of tin in lead is high, 19.2% at thie eutectic temperature, 1830C, and 1. '3% at room temperature [21].…”

Plates soaking prior formation and its influence on positive active material phase composition and battery performance

“…The processes during soaking of 3BS and 4BS plates have been investigated by some authors [7,[14][15][16][17][18][19]. It has been established that the sulfation of the plates is mainly influenced by the phase composition of the cured plate, H 2 SO 4 concentration and soaking time.…”