Anodic Film Growth of Titanium Oxide Using the 3-Electrode Electrochemical Technique: Effects of Oxygen Evolution and Morphological Characterizations

Liu, Z. J.; Zhong, Xiangli; Walton, John; Thompson, G.E.

doi:10.1149/2.0181603jes

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The thickness of titanium oxides films anodized with the solution containing fluoride are lower than the ones grown without NaF. The thickness for oxides grown without NaF appears to be a linear function of the applied potential, with R2 of 0.97 and with a growth rate of roughly (1.3 ± 0.2) nm/V, which, considering the error bar, is in accordance with the values obtained by Liu et al (2016). With the same condition, it is also in the range of the values expected by Diamanti et al (2011).…”

Section: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of fluoride on the thickness, surface roughness and corrosion resistance of titanium anodic oxide films formed in a phosphate buffer solution at different applied potentials

Domingues

Oliveira

Ferreira

et al. 2020

RSD

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The anodizing process and anions type present in the electrolyte during anodic oxidation are important parameters to improve oxide biocompatibility. From these parameters, it is possible to control the thickness and surface roughness of the oxide film. This control is of major importance, once blood clots can be avoided when the oxide film on the metal substrate has a small surface roughness (Ra ≤ 50 nm). In this paper, the thickness, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance of the anodized titanium film were studied in a phosphate buffer solution containing fluoride anions (0.6 w.t % NaF), at 20 V, 40 V, 60 V, and 80 V, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. It was observed that thickness and roughness tend to increase as the applied potential rises. For oxides grown in the solution without NaF, the growth rate is roughly 1.3 ± 0.2 nm/V. Surface roughness generally presents the same behaviour. Moreover, EIS and SE thickness measurements agree at 20 V and 60 V but disagree at 80 V. This may be associated with a possible dielectric breakdown at 80 V. The oxide film formed at 60 V showed the best corrosion resistance in relation to the other studied potentials. Globular structures were also observed using AFM on surfaces at 40 V, 60 V, and 80 V, which suggests oxide film nucleation. Oxide films formed in solution with NaF presented lower thickness, excellent corrosion resistance, and low surface roughness (Ra ≤ 50 nm).

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Section: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of fluoride on the thickness, surface roughness and corrosion resistance of titanium anodic oxide films formed in a phosphate buffer solution at different applied potentials

Domingues

Oliveira

Ferreira

et al. 2020

RSD

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show abstract

“…Many other studies have been done comparing electrolyte solutions for the film growth of TiO 2 on titanium [40, 41]. Liu et al studied anodization of titanium in sulfuric and phosphoric acids [41]. Stable barrier anodic films could be formed by applying 10 to 60 V (vs SCE) in either 1 M H 2 SO 4 or 1 M H 3 PO 4 .…”

Section: Surface Activation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Activation and Pretreatments for Biocompatible Metals and Alloys Used in Biomedical Applications

Huynh

Ngo

Golden

2019

International Journal of Biomaterials

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To improve the biocompatibility of medical implants, a chemical composition of bone-like material (e.g., hydroxyapatite) can be deposited on the surface of various substrates. When hydroxyapatite is deposited on surfaces of orthopedic implants, several parameters must be addressed including the need of rapid bone ingrowth, high mechanical stability, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and osseointegration induction. However, the deposition process can fail due to poor adhesion of the hydroxyapatite coating to the metallic substrate. Increasing adhesion by enhancing chemical bonding and minimizing biocoating degradation can be achieved through surface activation and pretreatment techniques. Surface activation can increase the adhesion of the biocoating to implants, providing protection in the biological environment and restricting the leaching of metal ions in vivo. This review covers the main surface activation and pretreatment techniques for substrates such as titanium and its alloys, stainless steel, magnesium alloys, and CoCrMo alloys. Alkaline, acidic, and anodizing techniques and their effects on bioapatite deposition are discussed for each of the substrates. Other chemical treatment and combination techniques are covered when used for certain materials. For titanium, the surface pretreatments improve the thickness of the TiO2 passive layer, improving adhesion and bonding of the hydroxyapatite coating. To reduce corrosion and wear rates on the surface of stainless steel, different surface modifications enhance the bonding between the bioapatite coatings and the substrate. The use of surface modifications also improves the morphology of hydroxyapatite coatings on magnesium surfaces and limits the concentration of magnesium ions released into the body. Surface treatment of CoCrMo alloys also decreased the concentration of harmful ions released in vivo. The literature covered in this review is for pretreated surfaces which then undergo deposition of hydroxyapatite using electrodeposition or other wet deposition techniques and mainly limited to the years 2000-2019.

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“…erefore, the Ti-sprayed coating is attributed to improved corrosion resistance properties of coating in H 2 SO 4 solution. e transformation of Ti into TiO 2 in the H 2 SO 4 environment is well documented elsewhere [80,81]. TiO 3 and some amount of TiO (Figure 3) may be transformed into TiO 2 and Ti 3 O 5 due to a strong oxidizing ability of H 2 SO 4 solution.…”

Section: Characterization Of Corrosion Products After Potentiodynamicmentioning

confidence: 58%

Deposition of Coating to Protect Waste Water Reservoir in Acidic Solution by Arc Thermal Spray Process

Lee

Park

Singh

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The corrosion characteristics of 304 stainless steel (SS) and titanium (Ti) coatings deposited by the arc thermal spray process in pH 4 solution were assessed. The Ti-sprayed coating exhibits uniform, less porous, and adherent coating morphology compared to the SS-sprayed coating. The electrochemical study, that is, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), revealed that as exposure periods to solution were increased, the polarization resistance (Rp) decreased and the charge transfer resistance (Rct) increased owing to corrosion of the metallic surface and simultaneously at the same time the deposition of oxide films/corrosion on the SS-sprayed surface, while Ti coating transformed unstable oxides into the stable phase. Potentiodynamic studies confirmed that both sprayed coatings exhibited passive tendency attributed due to the deposition of corrosion products on SS samples, whereas the Ti-sprayed sample formed passive oxide films. The Ti coating reduced the corrosion rate by more than six times compared to the SS coating after 312 h of exposure to sulfuric acid- (H2SO4-) contaminated water solution, that is, pH 4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results confirmed the uniform and globular morphology of the passive film on the Ti coating resulting in reduced corrosion. On the other hand, the corrosion products formed on SS-sprayed coating exhibit micropores with a net-like microstructure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the presence of the composite oxide film on Ti-sprayed samples and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) on the SS-coated surface. The transformation of TiO and Ti3O into TiO2 (rutile and anatase) and Ti3O5 after 312 h of exposure to H2SO4 acid reveals the improved corrosion resistance properties of Ti-sprayed coating.

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Anodic Film Growth of Titanium Oxide Using the 3-Electrode Electrochemical Technique: Effects of Oxygen Evolution and Morphological Characterizations

Cited by 35 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of fluoride on the thickness, surface roughness and corrosion resistance of titanium anodic oxide films formed in a phosphate buffer solution at different applied potentials

Effect of fluoride on the thickness, surface roughness and corrosion resistance of titanium anodic oxide films formed in a phosphate buffer solution at different applied potentials

Surface Activation and Pretreatments for Biocompatible Metals and Alloys Used in Biomedical Applications

Deposition of Coating to Protect Waste Water Reservoir in Acidic Solution by Arc Thermal Spray Process

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